46 THEORY AND PRACTICE 



little, the conjunctiva be red, and the 

 corners of the eyes contain a little co- 

 agulated mucous. 



5. Appetite usually good. 



6. Coat looks well if the animal has been 



kept in good condition. 

 Negative symptoms : 



7. No ulceration of the Schneiderian 



membrane. 



8. If the mallein test is tried, it proves 



negative. 



Treatment. — The treatment of chronic catarrh is entirely de- 

 pendent upon the condition of the animal when first seen. If the 

 disease has been running for the previous three or four weeks 

 without treatment, or even if treated before, try to cure the case 

 without any operation. Do this by using a nasal douche. 



Tie the horse from each side and fasten him down, holding his 

 face as nearly perpendicular as possible. Twitch one ear and 

 insert the douche in the nostril. Do not place the twitch on the 

 nose in this case. Insert the douche in the side running the 

 most, using a mild lotion. A good lotion can be made from a 

 10 per cent solution of sodium chloride ; sodium bicarbonate ; 

 boracic acid; or borax. Borax is borate of sodium. If carbolic 

 acid is used, make up a solution about one-half of one per cent 

 strengtb. Do not use solutions stronger than those mentioned. 

 Rinse the nose with a solution of permanganate of potash — 



1 to 1000 — then use the salines. Run through the douche about 



2 or 3 quarts or a gallon of this. Internally give the horse iron 

 — exsiccated sulphate — one dram in the feed night and morn- 

 ing. In addition to this, if you wish, give him Fowler's solution 

 of arsenic, one-half ounce night and morning. This dosage 

 would be for a 1000-lb. horse ; for a 1600-lb. animal, give one 

 ounce night and morning. Keep all this treatment up for two or 

 three weeks, and feed on soft feed, grass if possible. If the 

 sinuses are not too severely affected, this will cure the horse; 

 but if they are full of mucous and pus, of degenerated and de- 

 composing material, or if the sinuses are bulging, then an opera- 

 tion is necessary. 



