OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 71 



7. Anxious countenance. 



8. Elbows turned out. 



9. Panting 100 a minute. 



10. Expired air is cold — air does not reach 



the capillaries so as to get warm. 



11. Ears and extremities cold. 



12. Hemoptysis (in bad cases) — bleeding 



from lungs. 



13. Blood coming from the nostrils is 



frothy. 



14. Action of heart is tumultuous — the 



beats come piling in one after an- 

 other. 



15. Pulse irregular in every respect — fre- 



quency, force and rhythm. 



In an aggravated case — we do not see it in this country — 

 the horse dies right away. Such can happen with young bloods, 

 in fox hunts, etc. The horses are at the mercy of the hunters. 



So far as other causes are concerned, impure air may cause 

 passive congestion of the lungs — the imperfectly aerated blood 

 would not nourish the tissues properly. This occurs in cold sta- 

 bles which are shut up tight, and the air becomes poor in quality. 



Morbid Anatomy. — There is no free arterial anastomosis in 

 the lungs, and the consequences are grave on account of this 

 fact. The infarction occurs in patches, and the circulation 

 there is arrested. If the impacted portion is large enough, the 

 animal will die of asphyxia, but in any case the impacted portion 

 dies, and moist gangrene results : the animal dies in 3 or 4 days. 

 In ca^e the congestion is not severe enough to cause gangrene, 

 then it probably will produce inflammation and end in pneu- 

 monia. 



These are the four results of pulmonary congestion : 



1. Resolution — congestion products be- 



come absorbed. 



2. Moist gangrene of certain portions. 



3. Pneumonia. 



4. Asphyxia. 



