OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 77 



6. Gastric flatulence and eructations. 



7. Faulty mechanism of deglutition, — epi- 



glottis does not close over the rima 

 glottis properly, and eructated matter 

 from the stomach falls into the 

 larynx. This occurs in severe nervous 

 prostration in gastric flatulence. 



8. Traumatisms. 



9. Broken rib — end jammed into the lung. 

 10. Old age — senile pneumonia. 



Pneumonia is a peculiar disease especially as it is seen in 

 old age. In this condition probably the nervous system is worn 

 out, and we get a weak heart — diminished cardiac power, there- 

 fore, being the cause of the congestion and the pneumonia. 



Contagious Pneumonia. — We do not know much about its 

 cause. Horses affected with influenza, known as ''shipping fe- 

 ver," "sales stable fever," etc., have this pneumonia. This form 

 of pneumonia arising as an incidental feature of influenza is spe- 

 cific — it is contagious. Upon physical examination we find no 

 difference from the ordinary form of pneumonia, but the his- 

 tory is different. I consider that this pneumonia is a local man- 

 ifestation of a constitutional disease. 



Symptoms. — There are two marked symptoms which occur 

 in the contagious penumonia : 



1. Great nervous prostration. 



2. Marked icterus. 



These symptoms are not so marked in sporadic pneumonia. 

 In the contagious the prostrated nerves fail to act in the liver and 

 we get biliary congestion, the bile becomes absorbed and the 

 mucous membranes become yellow. It takes three or four days 

 for this symptom to appear. 



Interstitial Pneumonia of Glanders. — This is an incidenial lo- 

 calization of the virus of the disease. It attacks the interstitial 

 tissue primarily, and extends to the parenchymatous tissue sec- 

 ondarily. 



Contagious Pleuro-pneumonia of Cattle. — This is specific, 

 usually lobular, but in severe cases may be lobar. In all cases 

 pneumonia in the horse produces a localization of the virus. It is 



