OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 141 



ing prior to the removal of the cause. It often affects primarily 

 the mucous coat and extends outward to the muscular coat and 

 then the serous. The ordinary case runs it course in 6-20 hours 

 and dies. The inflammation is so violent and severely acute as 

 to produce rupture of the capillaries with more or less hemor- 

 rhage by rhexis. This results in extensive extravasations and 

 great tumefaction. In the sheep, cow, and human cases of en- 

 teritis may recover, but in the horse I think never. 



Semciology. — At first there is dullness and slight uneasiness ; 

 the horse hangs his head, refuses his food, turns his head and 

 looks around to one side ; he soon develops fever ; breathing ac- 

 celerated ; pulse increases in frequency and hardness ; abdominal 

 muscles are more or less contracted, for which reason the breath- 

 ing will be more or less shallow ; pain upon pressing the belly. 

 The horse will lie down, roll, kick and sweat, but in lying down 

 he usually goes down very carefully, — unlike a horse with colic. 

 Fever runs up to 104 or 105. The mucous membranes get very 

 much injected and cyanotic. 



When the horse passes feces, which may be in the rectum, at 

 the time of defecation, you will notice that the lining is very 

 dark red. The animal develops a haggard, anxious countenance. 

 After a severe case has been in progress for 4-5 hours, the pulse 

 becomes rapid, small and hard, running somewhere between 70 

 and 100. The horse ceases to lie down and walks continually 

 if he is loose, with head elevated, eyes dazed, and stopping occa- 

 sionally ai)d sighing. When a horse sighs, it is almost a sure 

 sign of a fatal termination. Horses never sigh except in the 

 late stages of disease. The extremities get cold, horse gets stupid 

 and loses sensibility to great extent. If the enteritis is in the 

 small bowel the animal will sometimes vomit or try to ; as death 

 approaches, the mucous membranes get Hvid ; he finally stops, 

 stands quietly, pain seems to cease; pulse 100-120, probably 

 imperceptible at the jaw; breathing rapid, shallow, and the ex- 

 pired air cold; he sweats in patches and the muscles tremble. 

 We presume that gangrene has set in and the horse is only wait- 

 ing to die from nervous prostration. I do not think that such 

 a case lives long enough to die from septicemia. The horse 

 stands as long as he can until weakness overcomes him and then 



