OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 157 



tutional fever. Pasteur experimented upon sheep, using two 

 or three inoculations a week apart, and after the reaction of the 

 fever, he found that the sheep were immune. This immunity 

 usually developed after the second inoculation. Koch claimed 

 that a hypodermic inoculation of anthrax would not immunize an 

 animal from the natural infection; he further claimed that the 

 germs were dead in a degenerated carcass, but he was not cor- 

 rect. There is no doubt that germs have infected people in car- 

 casses two or three years old. Koch has immortalized himself, 

 but he has made so many ridiculous announcements that he has 

 lost caste amongst modern pathologists. 



Horses get anthrax by grazing on lands flooded the previous 

 spring. The streams are liable to contain a decomposing carcass 

 which carries the germs. The disease may come through the 

 food, through the flies, stings, etc. 



Semciology. — Some cases of anthrax develop external tumors. 

 When the disease takes the form of apoplexy there is no swelling. 

 In case of splenic apoplexy the animal dies suddenly. 



The first thing noticeable is a high temperature, which in 3-4 

 days runs up to 106. The visible mucous membranes become 

 cyanotic, due to the disorganization of the blood. Weakness is 

 progressive and rapid. A few hours before death the animal 

 staggers, then goes down, dying from syncope. 



Posf Mortem. — The tissues show petechige or ecchymoses. 

 The blood spots are local hemorrhages. The spleen is large and 

 black, and full of coagulated blood. If the spleen is suspended 

 the contents will gravitate, this is diagnostic of anthrax. Upon 

 opening the heart the blood will be found to be black, thick, and 

 non-coagulated. The liver will be congested, also the kidneys, and 

 the fat around them will be ecchymotic. These are the only 

 lesions found post mortem. Anthrax is wholly a blood disease 

 and it is a good plan to corroborate the diagnosis by a blood ex- 

 amination. Inoculate a small laboratory animal with some of 

 the blood, spleen, kidney, etc., to see if anthrax develops. In 

 making a post mortem, always remember that the disease will 

 attack the doctor as well as any one else. Use rubber gloves, 

 keep the flies away. Do not allow the carcass to be skinned, 

 burn it. If it must be buried, cover it with unslaked lime and 



