OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 215 



food. Absorption of cantharides, which has been spread over a 

 large surface, or too much turpentine administered internally, 

 exposure to cold and dampness, accidental injuries or violence, 

 blood contamination,— these are the principal causes of renal 

 congestion and in all cases the Malpighian tufts of the kidney 

 are congested. In Azoturia passive congestion occurs. 



Posit Mortem. — The kidneys are very large and red; there 

 Vi^ill be ecchymoses corresponding to the Malpighian tufts 

 sometimes on the surface. 



Treatment. — Ascertain the cause if possible and remove it. 

 If too much turpentine has been given, give the horse a small 

 dose of oil and saw palmetto. Belladonna is indicated inter- 

 nally. Apply hot rugs to the loins and give perfect rest for a 

 few days and a light diet. Nephritis usually follows. 



NEPHRITIS. 



Nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys. There are two 

 forms. The first form is the mild or subacute. It follows some 

 debilitating disease such as influenza, — in fact any weakening 

 disease in which the fever has been high for some time, say a 

 week. Congestion occurs around the loops of Henle and the 

 Malphighian tufts and is due to the accumulation of debris in 

 the system resulting from the previous fever, during which the 

 kidneys were inactive. 



Pathogenesis. — High fever lasting for about a week without 

 diuresis being produced. The kidneys fail to remove the accu- 

 mulating debris and become congested to the extent of inflamma- 

 tion as a result. This is Bright's disease of the kidneys. It is 

 seen most often in the dog, cat and human, but seldom in the 

 horse. 



Post Mortem. — The kidneys are found congested. 



Symptoms. — The animal seems to be convalescent from the 

 fever which first attacked him when suddenly the appetite fails, 

 the urine becomes scanty and high-colored, in some cases quite 

 red. Upon testing it albumin is present. Emaciation takes 

 place and general debility comes on rapidly. There is a staring 

 coat, oedema of the legs and stiffness of gait. 



