OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 219 



at the opening in the vagina there is often found a small tumor, 

 called a caruncle, which extends sometimes into the urethra and 

 makes micturition slow and painful. Prolapsus of the uterus 

 m.ay be a cause ; hardened feces may press down upon the vagina 

 and urethra. In the male stings of bees may cause swelling of 

 the sheath. 



Treatment. — If possible locate the cause. This is sometimes 

 very difficult. In case of enlargement of the prostrate in the 

 dog or stallion the old treatment consisted in applying tincture of 

 iodine to the perineum and giving idodide of potash internally 

 for a long time. But this is more or less injurious to the re- 

 productive power of the animal Pass the catheter occasionally: 

 in bad cases it may be passed tw^o or three times a day. In the 

 human the prostrate gland may have to be removed in part, but 

 this is a very dangerous operation. In case of thickening of 

 the neck of the bladder give external treatment that will allay 

 the irritation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, which is 

 often due to the acid condition of the urine caused by eating too 

 much meat. In such a case alkalies will overcome the acidity 

 and relieve it. Retire the animal from stud work according to 

 the severity of the case. In foulness of the sheath, wash the 

 parts with soap and water and introduce a wad of absorbent cot- 

 ton dipped in carbolized oil. Sw^ab out once a day and at each 

 dressing bring the penis down, pulling gently and slowly. 



ISCHURIA. 



Ischuria is suppression of the urine. There may be none se- 

 creted or there may be inability to pass it if it is present. When 

 the latter is the case it is usually from paralysis of the muscular 

 coat of the bladder. 



This condition usually exists when the horse is kept too long 

 without giving him a chance to urinate. Some horses are pe- 

 culiar as to when and how they do this, so never fail to humor 

 them in their peculiarities in this respect. Therefore, when you 

 notice colicky pains, switching of the tail, and restlessness you 

 can suspect the cause. ]Many horses dislike to urinate while 

 down; therefore in azoturia the water should be drawn from 



