23S THEORY AND PRACTICE 



branes are livid and the breathing more or less stertorous. If 

 the case is severe death will result in from a few hours to 

 eight or ten days. If not severe, the clot may become absorbed. 

 The horse seldom fully recovers. 



It is not considered safe to bleed an animal in this condition. 

 Elevate the head, pack it in ice and keep the rest of the body 

 warm by clothing and friction. Give an enema and inhalations 

 of ammonia, hypodermic injections of alcohol, atropine, etc. 

 Never give medicine by the mouth in such a case, because the 

 function of deglutition is suspended. 



Cerebral Meningitis. — This disease is inflammation of the 

 coverings of the brain. Cerebritis is inflammation of the brain 

 substance. It is not possible to draw the line between the two 

 as in the human. The condition exists in two forms, acute and 

 chronic. The meningitis is usually due to idiopathic or traumatic 

 influences. The idiopathic influences are exposure, exhaustion, 

 sunstroke, etc. The traumatic include wounds, concussions, etc., 

 from violence. 



Semciology. — There is marked congestion of the visible mu- 

 cous membranes, especially those of the eye. There is muscular 

 twitching and excitement of the animal ; the twitching sometimes 

 amounts to spasm of the limb or of two limbs. These spasms 

 sometimes involve the whole body, producing cerebral convul- 

 sions. The period of excitement is usually followed by one of 

 depression, and then an abnormal activity. In some cases it 

 amounts to stupor or coma ; but in meningitis this stupor period 

 is comparatively short and the excitement severe. There is 

 a well-marked constitutional disturbance until the animal be- 

 comes delirious and he tries to climb over the manger. This 

 desire to climb comes on during the first twenty- four hours. 

 Convulsions may come on at the same time and throw him down, 

 but he gets up and goes on climbing again. During the stupor 

 he will hang his head and seems almost inclined to fall. 



The symptoms of meningitis are more violent than those of 

 cerebritis. In cerebritis there is less fever and less excitement 

 and the periods of stupor are more complete and longer con- 

 tinued. In cerebritis the animal will stand a great part of his 

 time with his head against the wall or manger; his appetite is 



