266 THROUGH STABLE AND SADDLE-ROOM. 



the whole of the anterior process and vocal process 

 of the left arytenoid cartilage, together with true 

 and false vocal cords, the laryngeal sinus and the 

 cartilage of Santorini on the same side. All this 

 must be done through an opening in the inter-thyroid 

 membrane, and the cricoid cartilage should not be 

 divided. If done in old horses, there is a large 

 mass of granulation material formed where the 

 anterior process is separated from the body of the 

 arytenoid cartilage, due to calcification of the 

 cartilage ; hence removal of entire cartilage is best 

 in these cases. 



' The principal advantages of my operation over 

 the total extirpation of the cartilage, as practised 

 by Moller, Fleming, and others, are : 



' 1. The posterior wall of the larynx is left 

 intact with a resistant cartilage, as in health, 

 giving rise to less likelihood of food, water, etc., 

 getting into the lungs, and thus causing inflamma- 

 tion and death. 



' 2. The insertion of the left lateral crico-thyroid 

 muscle is not interfered with, and it is only in 

 very advanced and old cases of roaring that this 

 muscle ceases entirely to act, consequently the 

 muscle still retains a certain power of swinging 

 open the left side of the larynx.' 



Too tight reining or neglected cold will produce 



