470 TIMBER BONDS 



bering in which the entire stand is cut at one time and 

 reproduction is secured by sowing or planting. See 

 forest management. 



Cleaning. A thinning made in a stand which has not 

 reached the small-pole stage. Its main object is to re- 

 move trees of undesirable form and species. See 

 thinning. 



Clear Length. In silvics that portion of the stem of 

 a tree free from branches. In forest measurements 

 the meaning of the term varies with the species meas- 

 ured and the purpose of the measurements. For ex- 

 ample, clear length is in some cases used to designate 

 that portion of the stem entirely free from branches; 

 in others, that portion free from dead branches, or 

 from growing branches of a given size. 



Closed. See crown density. 



Coal Off. To cut a forest clean for charcoal wood. 



Commissary. A general store for supplying lumbermen. 



Conk. 1. The decay in the wood of trees caused by 

 a fungus. 2. The visible fruiting organ of a tree 

 fungus. 



Conky. Affected by conk. 



Conservative Lumbering. Practical forestry; any meth- 

 od of lumbering which perpetuates the forest by use. 



Cook Camp. The building used as kitchen and dining 

 room in a logging camp. 



Cookee. Assistant cook and dishwasher in a logging 

 camp. 



Cook Shanty. See cook camp. 



Cook House. See cook camp. 



Coppice. See sprout. 



Corkscrew. A geared locomotive. 



Corner Binds. Four stout chains, used on logging sleds, 

 to bind the two outside logs of the lower tier to the 

 bunks, and thus gives a firm bottom to the load. 



Corner Man. In building a camp or barn of logs, one 

 who notches the logs so that they will fit closely and 

 make a square corner. 



Coupling grab. See grapples. 



Crab. A small raft bearing a windlass and anchor 

 used to move log rafts up stream or across a lake. 



Cradle. A framework of timbers in which ocean going 

 rafts of logs are built. 



Cradle Knolls. Small knolls which require grading in 

 the construction of logging roads. 



Crazy Chain. The short chain used to hold up that 

 tongue of a sprinkler sled which is not in use. 



