WORDS AND PHRASES 477 



solute distinction. Timberland may be broadly de- 

 fined as that class of forest which contains in com- 

 mercial quantities trees of sufficient size and of the re- 

 quired kind to furnish saw logs, pulp wood, ties, poles 

 or wood for similar uses. Woodland may be broadly 

 defined as forest which contains trees fit for firewood 

 or fencing, but none or very few trees which are suita- 

 ble for the uses enumerated above. A timber tract is a 

 body of timberland, usually of large area. A woodlot 

 is a forest of small area in which the wood is used 

 mainly for fuel, fencing, and other farm purposes. 



Forest Capital. The capital which a forest represents. 

 It consists of the forest land or fixed capital, and 

 the stand. 



Forest Cover. All trees and other plants in a forest. 



Forester. One who practices forestry as a profession. 



Forest Expectation Value. The present net value of all 

 future returns expected from the forest capital. It 

 is determined by discounting to the present time, 

 at compound interest, all returns and expenses antici- 

 pated. 



Forest Extension. The establishment of forest upon 

 areas where it is at present absent or insufficient. 



Forest Fire. A fire in timberland or woodland. A forest 

 fire may be a ground fire, a surface fire, a stand fire, 

 or a crown fire. A ground fire is one which burns in 

 the forest floor and does not appear above the ground. 

 When a fire runs over the surface or burns the under- 

 growth, it is a surface fire. When a surface fire 

 spreads from the undergrowth to the stand, igniting 

 the trees, it becomes a stand fire. Under certain con- 

 ditions the crowns of the trees may be ignited, caus- 

 ing a crown fire. 



Forest Floor. The deposit of vegetable matter on the 

 ground in a forest. Litter includes the upper, but 

 slightly decomposed portion of the forest fioor; humus, 

 the portion in which decomposition is well advanced. 



Forest Influences. All effects resulting from the pres- 

 ece of the forest, upon health, climate, stream fiow 

 and economic conditions. 



Forest Management. The practical application of the 

 principles of forestry to forest area. Forest manage- 

 ment includes forest mensuration, or the determina- 

 tion of the present and future products of the forest. 

 Forest organization, or the preparation of working 

 plans and planting plans, detailed and comprehensive 

 schemes for the establishment and best use of the 

 forest; and forest finance, or the determination of the 



