WORDS AND PHRASES 485 



which they can be transported by water or rail, or, 

 less frequently at the mill. 



TiOg Watch. See head driver. 



Logvvay. See gangway. 



Long Butt. See butt off. 



Loose-Tongued Sloop. See swing dingle. 



Lubber Lift. To raise the end of a log by means of a 

 pry, and through the use of weight instead of strength. 



Lug Hooks. A pair of tongs attached to the middle of 

 a short bar, and used by two men to carry small logs. 



Lumber. To log, or to manufacture logs into lumber, 

 or both. 



Lumberjack. One who works in a logging camp. 



Lumberman. One engaged in lumbering. 



Many-Aged Forest. A forest through all parts of which 

 many different age classes of trees tend to distribute 

 themselves. When all age classes are thus distributed, 

 the forest is "all-aged." These two terms replace 

 selection forest; many-aged being substituted for im- 

 perfect selection, and all aged for perfect or ideal 

 selection. 



Mature Forest. Forest so old that growth in height is 

 practically at an end and diameter growth is decreas- 

 ing. 



Mark. A letter or sign indicating ownership, which is 

 stamped on the ends of logs. 



Mark Caller. In sorting logs, one who stands at the 

 lower end of the sorting jack and calls the different 

 marks, so that the logs may be guided into the proper 

 channels or pockets. 



Marker. One who puts the mark on the ends of logs. 



Marking Hammer. A hammer bearing a raised device 

 which is stamped on logs to indicate ownership. 



Marking Hatchet. A hatchet for marking trees. A 

 raised die is cut on the head for stamping the face of 

 the blaze. 



Marking Iron. See marking hammer. 



Match. See mate. 



Mate. To place together in a raft logs of similar size. 



Mean Annual Increment. The total increment of a tree 

 or stand divided by its age in years. 



Merchantable Length. The total length of that portion 

 of the stem which can be used under given conditions. 



Merchantable Volume. The total volume of that por- 

 tion of the tree which can be used under given condi- 

 tions. 



Mild Humus. Humus in a condition favorable to forest 

 growth. 



