488 TIMBER BONDS 



In practice, a forest in which eighty per cent of the 

 trees are of one species. 



Quickwater. That part of a stream which has fall 

 enough to create a decided current. 



Rafter Dam. A dam in which long timbers are set on 

 the upstream side at an angle of twenty to forty 

 degrees to the water surface. The pressure of the 

 water against the timbers holds the dam solidly 

 against the stream bed. 



Ram Pike. A tree broken off by wind and with a splin- 

 tered end on the portion left standing. 



Rank. To haul and pile regularly, as, to rank bark or 

 cord wood. 



Ranking Bar. See handbarrow. 



Ranking Jumper. A wood-shod sled upon which tan- 

 bark is hauled. 



Rave. A piece of iron or wood which secures the beam 

 to the runners of a logging sled. 



Rear. The upstream end of a drive; the logs may be 

 either stranded or floating. "Floating Rear" com- 

 prises those logs which may be floated back into the 

 current; "dry rear," those which must be dragged 

 or rolled back. 



Receiving Boom. See storage boom. 



Regular Forest. Forest in which the trees are about 

 the same age. 



Ride. The side of a log upon which it rests when being 

 dragged. 



Ride a Log. To stand on a floating log. 



Rigging. The cables, blocks, and hooks used in skid- 

 ding logs by steam power. 



Rigging Sled. A sled used to haul hooks and blocks on 

 a skid road. 



Rigging Slinger. 1. A member of a yarding crew, 

 whose chief duty it is to place chokers or grabs on 

 logs. 2. One who attaches the rigging to trees, in steam 

 skidding. 



Ring. A section of tanbark, usually four feet long. 



Ring Rot. Decay in a log, which follows the annual 

 rings more or less closely. 



Rise. The difference in diameter, or taper, between two 

 points in a log. 



River Boss. The foremen in charge of a log drive. 



River Driver. One who works on a log drive. 



River Rat. A log driven whose work is chiefly on the 

 river; contrasted with Laker. 



Road Donkey. A donkey engine mounted on a heavy 

 sled, which drags logs along a skid road by winding 



