490 TIMBER BONDS 



Runner Dog. A curved iron attached to the runner of 

 the hind sled of a logging sled, which holds the loaded 

 sled on steep hills by being forced into the bed of tlie 

 road bj" any backward movement. 



Runway. See gutter road. 



Rutter. A form of plow for cutting ruts in a logging 

 road for the runners of the sled to run in. 



Sack the Rear. To follow a drive and roll in logs 

 which have lodged or grounded. 



Sack the Slide. To return to a slide logs which have 

 jumped out. 



Saddle. The depression cut in a transverse skid in a 

 skid road to guide the logs which pass over it. 



Sample Tree. A tree v.'hich in diameter, height, and 

 volume is representative of a tree class. A class 

 sample is a tree which in diameter, height and volume 

 represents the average of several tree classes. 



Sampson. An appliance for loosening or starting logs 

 by horse power. It usually consists of a strong, heavy 

 timber and a chain terminating in a heavy swamp 

 hook. The timber is placed upright beside the piece 

 to be moved, the chain fastened around it, and the 

 hook inserted low down on the opposite side. Lever- 

 age is then applied by a team hitched to the upper end 

 of the upright timber. 



Sampson a Tree. To direct the fall of a tree by means 

 of a lever and pole. 



Sapling. A tree three feet or over in height, and less 

 than four inches in diameter breasthigh. A small 

 sapling is a sapling from three to ten feet high. A 

 large sapling is a sapling ten feet or over in height. 



Sap Stain. Discoloration of the sap wood. 



Saw fitter. See Filer. 



Sawyer. See Faller. 



Scale Book. A book especially designed for recording 

 the contents of scaled logs. 



Scaler. One who determines the volume of logs. 



Scalper. See Rosser. 



Scoot. See Dray. 



Scratclier. An instrument used for marking trees. It 

 usually consists of a hook-like gouge fastened to a 

 fiat, elliptical iron hoop, with wooden handle plates 

 on the opposite side from the gouge. 



Season Check. See Check. 



Second Faller. The subordinate in a crew of fallers. 



Second Growth. Forest growth which comes up nat- 

 urally after cutting, fire, or other disturbing cause. 



