WORDS AND PHRASES 497 



trees of each species and diameter class upon a given 

 area. 



Starting- Unr. See Gee Throw. 



State Forest. A forest which is the property of a state. 



Stay Boom. A boom fastened to a main boom and at- 

 tached upstream to the shore to give added strength 

 to the main boom. 



Steam Hauler. A geared locomotive used to haul loaded 

 logging sleds over an ice road. It is equipped with a 

 spiked metal belt which runs over sprocket wheels 

 replacing the driving wheels, and is guided by a sled, 

 turned by a steering wheel, upon which the front end 

 rests. 



Steam Jammer. See steam loader. 



Steam Loader. A machine operated by steam and used 

 for loading logs upon cars. 



Steam Skidder. See skidder. 



Stem. The trunk of a tree. The stem may extend to 

 the top of the tree, as in some conifers, or it may be 

 lost in the ramification of the crown, as in most broad- 

 leaf trees. In tree description the stem is described 

 as long or short, straight or crooked, cylindrical or 

 tapering, smooth or knotty. 



Stem Density. The extent to which the total number of 

 trees in a given forest approaches the total number 

 which the index forest of the same age and composi- 

 tion contains. It is ordinarily expressed as a decimal, 

 one being taken as the numerical equivalent of the 

 stem density of the index forest. 



Stem Winder. A geared locomotive. 



Stillwater. That part of a stream having such slight fall 

 that no current is apparent. 



Stock Logs. To deliver logs from stump to mill or rail- 

 road. 



Storage Boom. A strong boom used to hold logs in 

 storage at a sawmill. 



Straw Boss. A sub-foreman in a logging camp. 



Stream Jam. See Center Jam. 



Stringer Road. See Fore-and-Aft Road. 



Strip Method. That method of conservative lumbering 

 in which reproduction is secured on clean-cut strips 

 by self-sown seed from the adjoining forest. 



Strip-Stand Method. A modification of the stand method 

 in which reproduction cuttings are not made simul- 

 taneously throughout the stand, but the stand is treat- 

 ed in narrow strips at such intervals that reproduc- 

 tion cuttings are generally going on in three strips at 



