498 TIMBER BONDS 



one time, one strip being in the removal stage, one in 

 the seedling stage and one in the preparatory stage. 



Stub. That portion of the stem left standing when a 

 tree is accidentally broken off. 



Stump. That portion of the stem below the cut made 

 in felling a tree. 



Stump Age. The age of a tree as determined by the 

 number of annual rings upon the face of the stump, 

 without allowance for the period required for the 

 growth of the tree to the height of the stump. 



Stumpage. The value of timber as it stands uncut in 

 the forest; or, in a general sense, the standing timber 

 itself. 



Stump Height. The distance from the ground to the top 

 of the stump, or from the root collar when the ground 

 level has been disturbed. On a slope the average dis- 

 tance is taken as the stump height. 



Sun Scald. An injury to the cambium caused by sudden 

 exposure of a tree to strong sunlight. 



Suppressed. Having growth more or less seriously re- 

 tarded by shade. 



Sui-face Fire. See Forest Fire. 



Swamp. To clear the ground of underbrush, fallen 

 trees and other obstructions preparatory to construct- 

 ing a logging road or opening out a gutter road. 



Swamper. One who swamps. 



Swami> Hook. A large, single hook on the end of a 

 chain, used in handling logs, most commonly in skid- 

 ding. 



Sway Bar. 1. A strong bar or pole, two of which couple 

 and hold in position the front and rear sleds of a log- 

 ging sled. 2. The bar used to couple two logging 

 cars. 



Swell Butted. As applied to a tree, greatly enlarged at 

 the base. 



Swing. See Gun. 



Swing Dingle. A single sled with wood-shod runners 

 and a tongue with lateral play, used in hauling logs 

 down steep slopes on bare ground. 



Swing Team. In a logging team of six, the pair be- 

 tween the leaders and the butt team. 



Tail Chain. A heavy chain bound around the trailing 

 end of logs, as a brake, in slooping on steep slopes. 



Taildown. To roll logs on a skidway to a point on the 

 skids where they can be quickly reached by the load- 

 ing crew. 



Tail Hold. 1. A means of obtaining increased power in 

 moving a log by tackle. The cable is passed through 



