500 TIMBER BONDS 



a toggle hook and ring at the other, fastened to the 

 sway bar or bunk of a logging sled, and used to regu- 

 late the length of a binding chain. 



Toggle Hook. A grab hook with a long shank, used on 

 a toggle chain. 



Tolerance. The capacity of a tree to endure shade. 



Tolerant. Capable of enduring more or less heavy shade. 



Tonging. Handling logs with skidding tongs. 



Top Chains. Chains used to secure the upper tiers of 

 a load of logs after the capacity of the regular bind- 

 ing chains has been filled. 



Top Load. A load of logs piled more than one tier high, 

 as distinguished from a bunk load. 



Top Loader. That member of a loading crew who stands 

 on the top of a load and places logs as they are sent 

 up. 



Total Increment. The total volume of wood produced 

 by the growth of a tree or stand up to the time it is 

 cut. 



Tote. To haul supplies to a logging camp. 



Tote Road. A road used for hauling supplies to a log- 

 ging camp. 



Tote Sled. See Jumper. 



Tow Team. An extra team stationed at an incline in a 

 logging road to assist the regular teams in ascending 

 with loaded sleds. 



Trailers. Several logging sleds hitched behind one an- 

 other and pulled by four to eight horses driven by one 

 man, thus saving teamster's wages. 



Tramway. A light or temporary railroad for the trans- 

 portation of logs, often with wooden rails and oper- 

 ated by horsepower. 



Trap Tree. A tree deadened or felled at a time when 

 destructive bark beetles will be attracted to it and 

 enter the bark. After they have entered, the bark Is 

 peeled and exposed to the sun, burned or buried, as 

 the case may require, to destroj* the insects. 



Travois. See Dray. 



Travois Road. See Skid Road. 



Tree Analysis. A series of measurements and observa- 

 tions upon a felled tree to determine its growth and 

 life history. Tree analyses vary with their purpose, 

 and may include all or a part of the following, or may 

 require additions to meet special needs: The usual 

 measurements comprise the length of each section, 

 the diameter inside and outside the bark, the total age, 

 the age and width of the sapwood, the diameter 

 growth at given periods on the upper end of each sec- 



