x CONTENTS 



PART III: HUMAN ACHIEVEMENTS 



CHAPTER XIII PAGE 



MATERIAL PROGRESS 255 



The provident impulse signs of it amongst the lower 

 animals its need of reinforcement by other impulses the 

 domestication of fire, of animals, of plants the success of the 

 ancients in agriculture the beginnings of private property 

 and of marriage of the art of building the invention of 

 tools, of dress, of writing the development of trade its 

 civilizing effect the rapid material progress of Northern 

 Europe assisted by the freedom of women changes of ideal 

 that have accompanied it their comparison with the ideals 

 of former times the extension of the new ideals to other 

 parts of the world. 



CHAPTER XIV 

 SOCIAL PROGRESS --------- 274 



The growth of polyandry and the matriarchate out of the 

 promiscuity of the herd war introduced the patriarchate the 

 impulses which combine to support the institution of the 

 family the development of the social fabric blood-brother- 

 hood propinquity the original stimulus, ideas of propinquity 

 a later refinement neighbourship the esprit de corps of 

 castes, guilds, and similar associations patriotism and 

 loyalty the bonds of religion nationality social institu- 

 tions slavery helotage foreign dominion the relation of 

 employer and employed influence of liberty as an ideal its 

 dangers and disappointments the spirit of kindliness its 

 helpfulness to the poor State education riches and poverty 

 the causes of poverty its extent and its compensations 

 review of the impulses which have contributed to social pro- 

 gress. 



CHAPTER XV 

 MODERN ECONOMICS 293 



The term " wealth " limited with reason to material posses- 

 sions the peculiar value of things that can be pledged the 

 usefulness of money in stimulating industry by enlisting the 

 co-operation of a number of impulses modern industrial 

 civilization likened to a whirlpool which must be kept in- 

 cessantly in motion prosperity dependent upon the rapidity 

 and volume of the current circumstances which contribute to 

 its rapidity, communications and enterprise in retailing and 

 to its volume, credit and low prices the development of 

 industrial civilization from earlier stages- the effect of 

 advertisement of good government the swelling of the 

 wealth-stream by foreign trade, borrowings, investments and 



