viii CONTENTS 



as cause and effect the unhappiness caused by conscience PAGE 

 the misery resulting from conflict between will and instinct 

 the appreciation of injustice. 



CHAPTER VIII 

 VOLITION - - 150 



The distinction between suggested and original resolutions 

 only the latter manifest spontaneity or free-will the 

 determinist denial of the existence of free-will the arguments 

 which appear to show that man possesses it its unusual 

 strength in eccentric or original men its function concerned 

 not with invention but with choice, whether between methods 

 of satisfying an impulse, or between different impulses the 

 struggle of temptation the connection between spontaneity 

 and the separateness of living individuals' spontaneity- 

 appears to be a universal attribute of Life. 



CHAPTER IX 

 RECAPITULATION- ... - ,61 



Organs derived from impulses, not impulses from organs 

 evolution is the result of an impulse to change, guided, it may 

 be, by environment, habit or imitation individual develop- 

 ment, activity and conduct are the products of a swarm of 

 impulses, controlled by directive instinct, or by reason, will 

 and habit infinite possibilities of differences in innate strength, 

 combination, or control, account for differences in the dis- 

 position and behaviour of individuals, and for varying conduct 

 of the same individual deceptiveness of our senses fallibility 

 of our reason apparent duality in Life and Nature through 

 much that seems confused, evolution has at least developed 

 freedom, but at a heavy cost in degrading error hopes for 

 the future the extraordinary antagonism of our impulses 

 they may be marshalled in two opposing ranks, representing, 

 perhaps, the influence of Life and of Matter correspondence 

 between Christian precept and the impulses which may be 

 attributed to the spirit of Life. 



PART II: CONSTRAINING INFLUENCES 



CHAPTER X 

 RACE - 179 



Difficulty of distinguishing between the effects of race, 

 environment and culture racial peculiarities of feature 

 racial peculiarities of character illustrations of their dis- 

 tinctiveness and persistence typical characteristics of peoples 

 comparison of the Baltic and the Mediterranean peoples 

 the origin of racial peculiarities their connection with en- 



