CONTENTS . vii 



actuate different behaviour upon different occasions they are PAGE 

 liberated in varying assortments and are affected in varying 

 degrees by reason, will and habit their multiplicity reflected 

 in the numerous schools of philosophy Directive Instinct, its 

 independence of experience illustrations its inability to 

 infer its command of the internal functioning of the body 

 throughout the animal kingdom the weakening of its 

 authority over external behaviour as we ascend the scale 

 its survival in human aptitudes or talents Reason its 

 processes described, and compared with those of directive 

 instinct its possession by the lower animals, and indeed by 

 all animals its development in man assisted by consciousness 

 and by language. 



CHAPTER VI 



MEMORY, HABIT, AND IMITATION 104 



Classed together as representing repetitive influences the 

 Memory stream our personality depends upon its continuity 

 peculiarities of its course the effect upon it of emotional 

 impulses influenced by the will it becomes imagination the 

 statics of memory direct and symbolic recollections vis- 

 ualization correlation of symbols and objects recollections 

 that adjust our sensaticfis Habit its effect in regulating the 

 power of instinctive impulses its immense importance in 

 directing behaviour the influence of mental habits or fixed 

 ideas comparison ^beTween habit and directive instinct 

 how far may habit innately alter behaviour or character 

 Imitation is the impulse which underlies education its 

 conflict with habit the conditions which enable it to over- 

 come habit its possible effects in stimulating mimicry and 

 in the spread of evolutionary changes from the individual to 

 the specieg. 



CHAPTER VII 

 CONSCIOUSNESS 128 



Its origin in the cell as a feeling that accompanies sensation 

 its development through diffused (sometimes apparently 

 localized) subconsciousness into the flower of selfconsciousr 

 ness the sympathetic awareness of the brain cells a possible 

 explanation of our capacity of observing our recollections and 

 ideas, and of such phenomena as thought-reading the bear- 

 ing upon selfconsciousness of the phenomena of hypnotism 

 the effect of selfconsciousness upon outlook and behaviour 

 the idea of personality its growth within recent times the 

 effect of consciousness in widening the scope and intensifying 

 the power of reason, and in affording opportunities to the will 

 also in leading mankind into errors and unhappiness 

 errors of apprehension, confusion of the visioned with the 

 observed errors of inference, mistaken linkings of happenings 



