vi CONTENTS 



CHAPTER III 



PAGE 



SENSATION AND REACTION 46 



Sensations are produced in the brain, not received by the 

 sensory organs, and, so far, resemble memories and hallucina- 

 tions the typical sensory organ sensation without sensory 

 organs our sensations are not descriptive but symbolic, and 

 give us no true ideas of the things that excite them moreover, 

 they need to be constantly corrected by memories and 

 inferences the nature of memories they may be mistaken 

 for sensations sensations of ourselves the connection 

 between sensation and reaction is primarily automatic and 

 inevitable its control by other sensations and by memories, 

 impulses and habits reflex and ideo-motor actions the 

 mysterious workings of directive instinct in the lower animals 

 the origin of consciousness in sensation, in the feeling which 

 accompanies an impression pleasure and pain, derived from 

 sensation their ambiguity as guides to behaviour erroneous 

 conceptions of their utility their influence in the formation 

 of habits. 



CHAPTER IV 

 INSTINCT 63 



Man's behaviour is actuated not by nerve ganglia but by 

 instinctive impulses of which the nerve ganglia are the instru- 

 ments impulses aroused by memories as well as by sensory 

 impressions resulting complications of behaviour distinction 

 between impulsive and directive instincts the liberation of 

 impulses into action by sensory impressions and memories, 

 by imitation and the passage of time impulses consciously 

 liberated are accompanied by emotions these follow and do 

 not precede the promptings of impulse to action happiness and 

 unhappiness are the consequences of satisfied or unsatisfied 

 impulses their distinctiveness from pleasure and pain these 

 emotions and feelings cannot be original guides to behaviour, 

 but they assist in the formation of habits and they act like 

 impulses in expressing themselves by muscular reactions 

 laughter, tears, facial expressions classification of impulsive 

 instincts Individual, Social, Reproductive, Provident. 



CHAPTER V 

 INSTINCT (continued) 82 



The impulses of Kindness and Cruelty the /Esthetic im- 

 pulses of self-abandonment the Ethical impulses of self- 

 restraint the distribution of these eight classes of impulses 

 along the ranks of the animal kingdom mankind possesses 

 all of them but they vary greatly in strength between indi- 

 viduals and races and in the same individual they may 



