ORIGIN OF RACE 189 



have allowed the spirit of changefulness to be 

 choked by habitudes, and regard woman as an 

 instrument for reproduction rather than as an 

 element of society. 



The traits of character, which in this com- 

 parison are attributed to the Baltic races, beyond 

 doubt serve the development of the ideas, indus- 

 tries, and institutions which we regard as the 

 hall-marks of modern progress. But the southern 

 races have their compensations. The cultivation 

 of philosophy, artistic creativeness, and the clear- 

 sighted exercise of the logical faculty of the mind 

 are repressed rather than stimulated by the 

 material ideals of the north. And it is doubtful 

 whether these ideals make for such happiness 

 as is given by the aesthetic temperament, and 

 sociability of disposition impulses which can 

 be satisfied with very small means. These are 

 strongly developed in the Mediterranean and, 

 speaking generally, in Eastern peoples and offer 

 substantial compensations for lack of riches and 

 monotony of life. 







It is difficult to resist the conclusion that the 

 various races of mankind are derived from a single 

 original type : in this case racial differences are 

 the outcome of variations, or " sports," which 

 occurred subsequently to man's first appearance. 

 It seems probable that many of these differences 

 are not the result of random variation, but of 

 variation which has been controlled and guided 

 in a particular direction by climate or other 

 conditions of environment. For we see that 

 certain racial distinctions are associated very 

 closely with certain environal influences. Peoples 

 of the tropics are dark-complexioned and dark- 

 haired, and are, moreover, distinguished by the 



