194 RACE 







We have, however, to remember that races have 

 very seldom remained undisturbed in their 

 marriage connections, but have usually suffered 

 admixture with other races which have migrated 

 amongst them. This introduces a factor of 

 immense importance. At the present day, 

 migration generally takes the form of peaceful 

 colonization ; but in the past the history of 

 mankind has been a continuous record of warlike 

 aggression. In some cases the conquerors appear 

 to have almost exterminated the people they 

 subdued : this seems to have been the ideal of 

 the Hebrews when they colonized Palestine, and 

 our Saxon forefathers do not appear to have left 

 very many of the native inhabitants of Eng- 

 land to adulterate their kind in future generations. 

 But in the great majority of cases the conquerors 

 have been content to reduce the natives to serfdom 

 or helotage, and have endeavoured to safeguard 

 the purity of their race by rigid restrictions upon 

 intermarriage. So the Aryan invaders of India 

 established a caste system ; the Spartans punished 

 unions between themselves and their helois by 

 degrading the offspring ; the patrician? of Rome 

 denied the jus connubii to the plebeians, and the 

 Americans of to-day visit with the severest social 

 penalties any sexual relations between their own 

 kind and those who possess even a few drops of 

 negro blood. But in the past these restrictions 

 have failed with the passage of time, and mixed 

 unions have generally brought the two races 

 together. 



The effects of cross-breeding are many and 

 diverse. As is well known to breeders, a small 

 admixture of strong alien blood may increase very 

 greatly the strength and certain of the qualities 

 of a line. This is particularly the case when the 



