PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARMERS' CLUB. 163 



when the sides and ends can also be taken off over the now strong layer, 



and the vine is in its permanent place and will make strong roots into the 



surrounding soil before winter; mulch the ground well the first fall and winter. 



On motion of Mr. Robinson, the Club adjourned until the Uh of October. 



JOHN W. CHAMBERS, Secretary. 



October 1, 1862. 

 The regular weekly meetings of the Club were resumed to-day. 

 Mr. John P. Veeder, of Albany county, N. Y., in the chair. 



New Drain Tiles. 



Mr. David S. Ogden, 93 Wall street, New York, exhibited a machine for 

 making drain tiles, and also several specimens of tiles made from Rosendale 

 cement and sand. They are made with a bore from two and a quarter 

 inches to twenty-four inches in diameter. Persons who use this tile very 

 much approve of them. The price of the two and a quarter inch tile is 

 fifteen dollars per thousand; each piece is twelve inches long. They can 

 be laid with a very small inclination, as the bore is made with mathematical 

 accuracy. 



Mr. Carpenter asked if these tiles were affected by frost. 



Mr. Ogden. — If the tiles are properly laid, the frost has no effect upon 

 them; cement tiles increase in strength by age. I have been in the cement 

 business for years, and have had great experience in selecting the best 

 qualities of cement for this purpose. 



Mr. W. S. Carpenter. — I consider the subject of drainage of the greatest 

 importance to our farmers. They are now becoming convinced that drained 

 land produces larger crops than land not drained, and the crop is more 

 reliable. A neighbor of mine has laid seven miles of drains, and he says 

 his crops have been considerably increased thereby. 



Mr. John 0. Bergen. — I fully concur in the remarks made by the previous 

 speaker. Draining is very little understood by our farmers. It is a very 

 simple affair. Drains, in my opinion, should not be more than thirty feet 

 apart, and should be laid about three feet deep to protect them from frost. 

 It has been thought by some that hilly land does not require draining, but 

 it has been found by experiment that all kinds of land are improved by 

 laying drains. The air passing through the pipes very much improves the 

 soil. I hope the subject will be fully discussed at some future meeting. 



Profits of Pear Culture. 



Mr. Wm. S. Carpenter exhibited thirty-five varieties of pears, and thirty 

 varieties of apples. Some of the pears were new kinds fruited by him for 

 the first time. 



He said: My crop of fruit this year is very abundant. I sent six barrels 

 of Bartlett pears to market last week, and realized sixty-one dollars for 

 them. These pears had been kept in an ice house. Some persons think 

 our list of pears too large, and that a dozen varieties are enough to raise. 

 I think I have twenty-five kinds now on the table that are nearly equal to 



