194 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



admired by all. It is a handsome red apple, about the size and color of 

 the Baldwin; flesh firm, yellowish white, and in flavor resembles Norton's 

 Melon, which is one of the very best apples known, and has been more 

 admired in England than any other American apple. It originated in East 

 Bloomfield, N. Y., near where the Northern Spy originated, but grows well 

 in this vicinity. This new apple from Connecticut is thought well worthy 

 of extensive propagation. 



The Chairman called the attention of members to the fact, and thought 

 it should be made known extensively, that the standard of good apples has 

 been very much elevated in this city within a few years; so much so that 

 such apples as once sold at fair prices are now quite unsalable, except at 

 very low rates. The most common buyers are learning to know and are 

 willing to pay well for really first class fruit. 



How TO Make Trees Bear Every Year. 



Prof. J. A. Nash inquired if there was anything that we can recommend 

 farmers to do to their trees to make them bear every year instead of alter- 

 nate years. He inquired the cause of this off and on bearing. Is it 

 because one crop exhausts all the pabulum in the soil so that a year of rest 

 is necessary to prepare a new supply'? And, if so, will high manuring 

 during the bearing year make ihe tree produce a good crop the next year, 

 and so on regularl}^ ? 



Prof. Mapes. — If part of the fruit is stripped oS before it exhausts the 

 tree, it will give it strength enough to produce another without any 

 necessity of resting to recuperate. I am aware that it requires a great 

 deal of moral courage to strip off this surplus fruit, particularly from a 

 pear tree, when the owner knows that every pear that he perfects will 

 bring eight cents. 



Prof. Nash. — It is not the lack of courage with farmers, bat the lack of 

 time. They have no time to go into the orchard to thin out the fruit, or if 

 they have they will be almost certain to neglect it. What is wanted is to 

 know how to treat an orchard so it will produce' moderately every year. 



Mr. E. G. Pardee. — This was undertaken by Robert L. Pell, and he 

 reported here that he had succeeded, but I think that he was mistaken. 

 He pays more attention to the cultivation of his orchards than any other 

 one that I know, and has the greatest number of trees, but he does not get 

 a full crop every year. He plows his orchards to make the trees grow; 

 he rarely plants anything in his orchards. 



Prof. Mapes. — I have tried experiments to make trees bear out of their 

 regular course, by using soda wash upon the bodies, and lime and salt and 

 manure upon the roots, and though the fruit was increased, it was not 

 enough so to make it profitable, though the growth of leaves and wood were 

 largely increased. 



Mr. Carpenter thought he had succeeded, by high manuring and good 

 cultivation, in making some of his trees bear good crops every year. 



Prof. Nash. — Suppose we put a bushel of ashes to each tree, and there 

 is nothing better for an orchard, immediately after the crop is set. 



Mr. Solon Robinson. — You cannot alter the result. A few simple facts 

 will upset all theories about high cultivation and high manuring. You 



