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And Peace on Earth and Oood Will toward Men. 



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PATENT HIVES— WHAT FRAME OR HIVE TO USE— SHALL WE USE AN EXTRACT- 

 OR, OR RAISE COMBHONEYV— ITALIANS— THE BEE MOTH— SPACE FOR COMBS 

 — FOUNDATION. 



While I earnestly try to maintain a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and while 

 I do not wish to take upon myself the responsibility of dictating a course for others, I feel it a 

 duty to discourage with all my might, both by precept and example, everything in the shape of 

 patented bee hives, or patents on anything pertaining to bee-culture. On the other hand I shall 

 try to encourage every one to do all in their power to advance the common good of all. I do not 

 believe the world "selfish and grasping," but have unlimited confidence in the disposition of our 

 people to desire to pay for everything they get, and to reward those who work for them disinter- 

 estedly, when they once get a clear undei-standing of the matter. If you have made a, valuable 

 invention or discovery, give it to the people rejoicing that you have been enabled to contribute 

 your mite to the common good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or later, you will surely 

 have your reward. Nnthing is patented in the shape of hives or implements, that ice advertise. 



I recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody, and for every purpose whatever, in pref- 

 erence to anything else, and I have pretty thoroughly experimented witii all shapes and sizes. 

 There may be other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there are any 

 better. For all general purpose, I advise the Simplicity hive holding ten of the above frames. 

 The hive is made of Js lumber, and is 20Hi by 16 inches outside measure. The Langstroth frames 

 as our gauges make them, are 17?3 by O's outside measure. As the chaff hive is the same thing 

 with an outer shell to hold the chaff that protects the hive from the winter's frosts, as well as 

 summer's sun, no confusion can result from using both in the same apiary. 



Produce just whiche^'er pays best in your own market, and no one can tell so well as you, 

 yourself, can bj' trying both ; you can perhaps produce a nice article of extracted for about 15c., 

 as cheaply as comb honey for 20c. You can produce thin, raw, unripened honey without any 

 trouble for lOe. or less, biit it will probably pay you best to give your customers an article as good 

 in every respect as that found in the nicest comb honey. 



If your hives are all full, upper story and lower, a«id the honey is still uncapped, put on a 

 third one, and neither let your bees hang out idly nor swarm, if it takes another story still. When 

 they get to crowding out, give them room if you have to sit up all night to do it. 



The comparative advantages of the black or common bees and Italians, is a matter that no 

 longer admits of discussion, and I must consider the very few iiiili\iihials who write in favor of 

 the former as belonging to that class of unfortunates who seem to delight in being contrary. If 

 tons of honey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicably settled in favor 

 of the Italians. 



The bee moth need hardly be mentioned now, unless it is to advise you to drive them out with 

 Italians, for whenever they come into a neighborhood, the moths get out without any farther 

 trouble or bother. This one feature alone, is enough to justify introducing Italian queens in 

 place of the blacks. 



The usual space allowed for brood combs is about 1 7-16 inches, but the matter is not at all im- 

 portant. They can be worked as closely asl^s, or as far apart as 1?^. For surplus honey we 

 would have about 3 inches space from centre to centre of the combs. 



Perhaps no one thing in bee culture, ever brought finth such unbounded tokens of approval, 

 as has the comb foundation. All controversies are at :ui end and nothing now remains but to de- 

 vise ways and means whereby the expense of its manufacture may be cheapened. 





