THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 57 



remaining stand and in the openings. It is usually applied in 

 selection forests. When groups of trees are taken it is termed 

 group selection method. G., Plenterbetrieb, Femelbetrieb. F., 

 Jardinage, regime de la futaie jardinee. 



A special form of the selection method is termed selection 

 border cutting when cuttings are made in narrow strips, in most 

 instances beginning on the north border and progressing south- 

 ward, varying in character from 'a selection cutting farthest 

 in to a clear cutting on the edge of the forest. The resulting 

 forest is unevenaged in narrow lines. G. Blendersaumschlag. 



5. Shelterwood method. A method of securing natural 

 reproduction under the temporary shelter of the seed-tree crown 

 cover, by means of a series of cuttings throughout the stand, 

 aimed to admit a gradually increasing supply of light to the 

 seedlings. 



The principle of the method lies in the protection (shelter) 

 which the seed trees (nurse trees) afford the young growth 

 during its youth. G., Schirmschlagbetrieb (Gayer & Lorey) 

 in part Femelschlagbetrieb (Lorey) F., Regime de la futaie 

 reguliere. The number and severity of the cuttings and hence 

 the duration of the entire removal period, depends upon the 

 rate of establishment and upon the early growth of the repro- 

 duction. In theory the series of cuttings is di\dded into four 

 parts as follows : 



Preparatory cuttings fit the stand for its reproduction by the 

 removal of dead, dying, or defective trees and prepare the 

 ground for the germination of seeds. A stand in which one 

 or more preparatory cuttings have been made is in the prepara- 

 tory stage. G., Vorbereitungschlag. F., coupe preparatoire. 



Seed cuttings encourage seed production by the further 

 opening of the stand, and admit light in quantity favorable 

 for the de\'elopment of young growth. A stand in which one 

 or more seed cuttings have been made is in the seeding stage. 

 G., Besamungsschlag. F., coupe d'ensemencement. 



Removal cuttings gradually remove the mature stand which 

 would otherwise retard the development of the young trees. 



