THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 81 



This revision is not a part of the original Kameraltaxe any more 

 than is a plari of cutting (distribution of cut) so essential to a 

 well regulated forest; for, as shown in Chapter I, Section i, 

 no forest can be normal unless increment and age-class distribu- 

 tion are normal. The normal increment and normal growing 

 stock alone do not suffice. Hence this and the other " formula 

 methods " are all makeshifts (except as a check on other methods) 

 and must be replaced by other and better methods as soon as 

 conditions warrant. 



Realizing these deficiencies, Huber varied the Austrian 

 method by using the current annual instead of the mean annual 

 increment and distributing the surplus or deficiency in growing 

 stock over the whole rotation in a decreasing series instead of 

 equally. This variation is, therefore, a transition to the methods 

 of Karl and of Hundeshagen, which are considered below (6 

 and 7). 



6. BY VOLUME.— BASED ON GROWING STOCK AND INCREMENT. 

 KARL'S METHOD. 



(a) Description of Method. — This method was probably 

 suggested by the Austrian formula just described (No. 5) with 

 Ruber's modification. Karl takes the allowed annual cut as 

 equal to the real current annual increment plus or minus the 

 excess or deficiency of the actual growing stock when compared 

 with the normal growing stock, distributed over a period of A 

 years instead of over the entire rotation, as in the Austrian 

 formula-. The formula for the cut for the first year therefore 



. , V-nV 



This formula would apply accurately to subsequent years 

 only if i were determined anew each year; for it changes con- 

 stantly (see Method 5 above). In order to accomplish the 

 approach to normal without an annual recalculation of i, a third 



expression is added to the formula, namely: — T~X« where 



wi = the normal current annual increment and M = the number 



