182 THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 



century witnessed a revolution in the forest policy of Bavaria, 

 away from the often excessive conservatism of the early days, 

 toward a more liberal interpretation of the State's economic 

 duty, especially in regard to the increasing tendency to manage 

 the State forests for profit as well as for a future timber supply. 

 This change in general policy has manifested itself in the 

 new instructions for forest organization.* These working- 

 plan instructions because of their absolute modernity deserve 

 somewhat detailed mention. 



The objects of forest organization are given as: 

 (i) To give a clear conception of existing conditions in the 

 forest. 



(2) To deduce from these conditions and the purposes which 

 the forest is to serve the object and methods of management 

 and the determination of the cut. 



(3) To regulate the cut in detail for the ensuing working 

 period. 



(4) To control the execution of the plan and to secure 

 statistical data thereon. 



The working unit usually coincides with the administrative 

 unit (forest), but this is not essential; if conditions on two or 

 more adjacent forests are sufficiently similar one working plan 

 may suffice. 



The working unit {" Betriebsverband ") is divided into 

 districts, and these into compartments. This division is pri- 

 marily for the purpose of orderly arrangement and easier 

 orientation. 



The basis of division into districts (blocks) is usually topo- 

 graphic; sometimes, however, matters of status and of servi- 

 tudes cause the segregation of a district. 



The basis of division into compartments is chiefly silvi- 

 cultural, i.e., differences in elevation, exposure, opening of log- 

 ging means, formation of a mantle against windfall, etc. The 



* " Anweisung fur die Forsteinrichtung in den Koniglich Bayrischen Staats- 

 waldungen," Munich, 1910, Verlagsbuchhandlung Oskar Beck. 



