194 THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 



ingly, pure spruce with Scotch pine stands in the nortnern, 

 plains portion. 



The Saxon markets are pluperfect, which explains the suc- 

 cess of the Saxon spruce management with such a low rotation 

 and resulting small diameter.* 



Forest organization in Saxony is under the control of a cen- 

 tral bureau of forest organization (Forsteinrichtungsanstalt) in 

 Dresden. This has worked well, since it has secured uniformity 

 of methods and results and an experienced, well-drilled per- 

 sonnel. It also established for forest organization a definite 

 and correct interrelation with the other branches of forestry — 

 administration, experimentation, etc. 



As in most of the German states, the regulation of cut 

 was first by the period method. Heinrich Cotta, who system- 

 atized the working plans for the Saxon state forests in the years 

 1811 to 183 1, endorsed both the area period and the combined 

 period methods. Frequent, regular revisions soon obviated 

 the necessity of determining the cut for several periods of twenty 

 years each in advance. The period method was therefore aban- 

 doned and the determination of cut confined to the next decade 

 by means of the stand method (" Bestandswirtschaft ") (method 

 No. 16). t 



The division of area is as far as possible rectilinear, the 

 boundaries being used as roads. Because of the imminent 

 danger of windfall in spruce, the lines are run parallel with and 

 at right angles to the prevailing wind direction. 



Stands (subcompartments) are segregated down to a mini- 

 mum area of half an acre. The prevalent uniformity of con- 

 ditions permits of tabulated forest descriptions. Site quality is 

 gauged both according to the intrinsic quality of the soil (Stand- 

 ortsbonitat) and according to the quality of the stand growing 

 thereon (Bestandsbonitat). The two by no means always coin- 



* See "Management of Spruce in Saxony," Forestry Quarterly, Volume XI, 

 No. 2, pp. 143-148. 



t For outline of Saxon working plan, see page 154. 



