THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 229 



Transportation. (Railroads, water, etc., only as it affects the administra- 

 tion or the development of the forest.) 



Settlement. Present and probable future. (As it affects the forest and the 

 plan.) 



Industries. Mining, grazing, ranching, lumbering, etc. (Only as they have 

 a bearing on the plan.) 



II. Silviculture 

 Timber: 



Estimates and detailed descriptions of timber. Estimates by species, 

 separately by divisions, blocks, and other natural or artificial sub- 

 divisions. Quality and condition of timber, age classes if stand is 

 even-aged, accessibility, information on logging, etc., as necessary, 

 cut-over areas. (Tabulation.) 

 Forest Types. Composition, occurrence, distribution of age classes, and 

 condition of timber. (Concise general descriptions, and the funda- 

 mental silvicultural requirements and principles which form the 

 basis for the choice and application of silvicultural systems.) 

 Species. (Concise. Treat, from the standpoint of the type and 

 the stand rather than the individual tree, the characteristics 

 and requirements upon which will be based conclusions regard- 

 ing the species to be favored and the relation in the management 

 of each species to the others in the stand or type.) 

 Climatic, soil, moisture, and light requirements. 

 Growth, form, volume, etc. (Tables to be included in the plan 

 if they will be used frequently, otherwise in the Appendix.) 

 Reproduction. Advance reproduction present. Conditions 

 necessary to secure it. 

 Value of wood. (Properties. Comparative values.) 

 Causes of injury. Fire, insects, fungi, mistletoe, smeiter fumes, 

 weather, animals, etc. (Control under protection.) 

 Increment. Yield tables or other data, or the method used to deter- 

 mine increment. Effect of thinnings on growth, etc. 

 Timber operations. 

 Markets. 



Consumption and demand, local and general, past, present, and 

 future. Relation to surrounding forests if any. Cut, by years, 

 sales, and free use. (For use in the determination of working 

 circle boundaries and in regulation.) 

 Prices. (To aid in stumpage appraisals.) 

 Methods and utilization. (Methods in relation to preservation of proper 

 silvicultural conditions, also as a basis for costs. Reasonable possi- 

 bilities in utilization.) 

 Costs. (As a basis for stumpage appraisals.) 

 Objects of Management. Watershed protection, species of timber and classes 

 of material, sustained annual or periodic yield, etc. (State specifically 

 in order of importance the objects which materially affect the provisions 

 of the plan.) 

 Silvicultural Systems and their application. For each type. (Concise de- 

 scriptions of the systems adopted and provisions for their specific appli- 

 cation. Include brush disposal.) 

 Regulation of yield: 



Rotation, cutting cycles, etc. (Rotation of maximum volume production. 



Cutting cycles as short as practical considerations will allow.) 

 Division of the forest into necessary divisions (working circles), areas 

 within which sustained yield, annual or periodic, is now or will ulti- 

 mately be desirable, based upon markets, transportation, and to- 

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