THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 



361 



in half that time. This is one of the rea- 

 sons why we are planning to bring home 

 our honey before extracting it. The extra 

 steam needed in liquefying it after it has 

 candied, will go a long ways towards heat- 

 ing the honey for extracting, and furnish- 

 ing power for running the extractor. 



WASHING AND DRYING HONEY RECEPTACLES. 



All our tumblers come in barrels. One 

 man opens the barrels and carries full 

 trays of the glasses to the washing room, 

 where the girls take out the tumblers, and 

 remove the covers, placing them in a box 

 by themselves, and setting the tumblers 

 in large trays holding four dozen each. 

 When using jars having glass caps, we 

 remove the caps and pile them up, the 

 top side up, and keep them covered to ex- 

 clude dust. These caps are not washed, 

 but are brushed, or wiped. The jars are 

 not removed from the cases until we are 

 ready to wash them, when they are taken 

 out as fast as needed and washed. 



The washing-tank is made of galvan- 

 ized iron; is six feet long, two feet wide 

 and one foot deep, and is placed at such 

 a height as to bring the top level with the 

 elbows. There is also a rinsing-tank 

 which is the same as this, only smaller. 

 By means of steam the water in these 

 tanks is kept as hot as can be borne by 

 the one doing the washing. The one who 

 washes the vessels puts them into the 

 rinsing tank, and the one who removes 

 them from the rinsing tank places them 

 on screens to dry. To dry these jars 

 quickly is really quite a knack. If set in 

 an upright position, the water runs down 



and gathers in the bottom, where it is a 

 long time drying out. If the vessel is in- 

 verted on a board, or other flat surface, 

 it is practically closed to the air, and there 

 is no opportunity for evaporation. This 

 difficulty is overcome by inverting the jars 

 upon screens of heavy, galvanized iron, 

 wire netting. Each sheet, or screen, is 

 about 26x28 inches, bound all around 

 the edges with a heavy wire, the edge of 

 the cloth being rolled over the wire, thus 

 forming a smooth, strong edge. One of 

 these screens may be seen in the frontis- 

 piece, leaning against the open door of the 

 liquefying or drying oven. Eight dozen 

 jars may be placed on one sheet, and the 

 sheets filled with jars may be stacked up. 

 We first place a screen on each end of a 

 truck, then a tier of glass, then another 

 screen, etc., until we have a pile as high 

 as we can conveniently reach. A pile 

 similar to this may be seen on top of the 

 oven shown in the frontispiece. 



By the way, this oven is made of gal- 

 vanized iron, is four feet square, and five 

 feet high, and may be heated with steam 

 from pipes coiled around in the bottom. 

 There are ventilators in the top that may 

 be opened to allow the escape of moisture, 

 or surplus heat. This oven may be used 

 for drying jars very quickly, or for re- 

 liquefying any jars of honey that may be 

 returned because the contents have 

 candied. When re-melted in this way, 

 the labels are left on the jars, and un- 

 soiled. This oven is also used for heat- 

 ing the glass screw-caps before putting 

 them on the jars, a step found necessary 

 to make a perfect job of the sealing. 



Petoskey, Mich., Nov. 23, 1907. 



Some Arguments in Favor of Shallow 

 Extracting- Supers. 



H. H. SMITH 



■^\jp/'HILE the different advocates of hives 



'i'i of various depths are airing their 



opinions, it may not be out of place to say 



something more about the shallow super. 

 Generally.these supers have been recom- 

 mended for coaxing bees to enter supers 



