1878. 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE. 



-!9 



different angles, yon will find there is a cer- 

 tain position in "Which it will make a smooth 

 cut. This is about tlie angle we wish to 

 give the teeth of a rip saw. There is a rule, 

 for getting this pitch, which yoii will under- 

 stand from the diagriim below. 



SAW IMPROPERLY FILED. PROPERLY FILED. 



Let H represent the center of the saw, and 

 F tlie circumference ; G is a line drawn just 

 midway between the center and circumfer- 

 ence. Now, if a straight edge is held against 

 the under side of the tooth, it should lie on 

 the line G. Hold your try square on the 

 under side of the tooth of your rip saw, and 

 you can soon see if the teeth are of the right 

 "pitch. On the other side, you will see 

 some teeth with a wrong angle. Some of 

 them, would carry a line toward the center 

 of the saw, and one of them, woidd go past 

 the center on the other side. You need not 

 say no one ever did as bad work as that, for 

 it is not many years since I complained to 

 Mr. Washburn that my saw would not cut 

 well, and he, with a straight edge showed 

 me just how badly I had been doing. I had 

 commenced in a hurry, and had filed the 

 saw just to make it do a little for the time 

 being ; I had filetl both top and front of the 

 teeth to get them to a point, "real auick.'" 



Filing a saw on the top of the teeth, is a 

 fearful waste of time, files, and especially, 

 saws. Perhaps I can give you some faint 

 idea of the matter from the cut below. 



HOW SAWS ARE WAITED, BY IMPROPER 

 FILING. 



Let A be-the point of the tooth when Ue 

 saw is new, vrd C. the point where it would 

 be after having been used jor a certain 

 amount of work, the filing havine all been 

 done on the under side of the tooth so as to 

 leave the line A C u'st as it was when it 

 was made, that is. it has been untouched by 

 1he file, and has only worn awry, in actual 

 cutting on the wood. The saw lias been re- 

 <]uced in this way by this amount of work, 

 exactly from D to E. Bear this in mind. 

 Now supT^ose we have done the shari)ening 

 by filing the top of the tooth : in getting the 

 sjime amount of rutting edge, we should file 

 down from A to B. This would reduce the 

 size of the sawfrrm I) to F. irstead of from 

 D to E. For fling t};eee small saws, tn^m 6 

 to 10 inches in diameter, we need a file made 

 of just the proper angle like this cut: 



The broad side of the file is to be laid on 

 the top of the tooth ; it is never to be used 

 for cutting downwaid, 1 ut tnly to pieseive 

 the shape and angles of the top of the tooth, 

 while the cutting is to be dene from the un- 

 der side of each tooth. The top of the tooth 

 being made while sharpening the one just 

 after it. 



So much for the shape of the toolh ; our 

 saw must be set, or it will not clear itself 

 through the lumber, and lor this purpose, 

 we have found the saw set shown below, as 

 good as anything for circular saws, and if 

 you cannot get them at your hardware store, 

 we can mail you one for T-Tc. 



SAW SET FOR CIRCULAR SAWS. 



The thumb screw guagfsthe distance at 

 which the tool goes over the tooth, and then 

 bringing the hardies together the tooth is 

 easily and safely bent, just where it should 

 be— near the joint. The engraving is full 

 size, but the whole xool, is about twice the 

 length shown. 



The diagram, below will give you rn idea 

 of the puipcse ci seit'rg t^aws. 



„...A.. K. 



THE PHILOSOIHY OF FETTIKG A SAAV. 



You wiH observe that we depend on the 

 littic points A and B, to make a path along 

 the dotted lines, for the blade. If these 

 points get wcrn off, the saw will pinch, and 

 a great part of the power will be consum.ed 

 in making it soueeze through the wood. If 

 your saAV does not cut easily, this is very 

 likely the trouble. If your lumber is un- 

 seasoned or tough, you will need much moi'e 

 set than if you have dry clear tender lum- 

 ber. Of course we wish to get along with 

 as little set as we can consistently, for the 

 more wood "we cut out, the greater is the 

 ])ower required. Now. another considera- 

 tion comes in. If we do not set the teeth all 

 alike, and it is almost impossible to do this 

 with any saw set, en account of tl;e tenden- 

 cy of some teeth to spring more than others, 

 we shall have occasionally a tooth sticking 

 out more than the rest; this causes much 

 friction, and makes our lumber look bad 

 with grooves ploughed in it at intervals. 

 For ]?r<?e saws, a Side File is used, but for 

 our work, I think we can level off the points 

 very well with an oil stone. Lay the stone 

 on yrrr saw table, against the side of the 

 snw, and turn the saw backward by hand. 

 Now be sure you do not trim the points too 

 much, and that you do not hold your stone 

 so as to make the points wedge shaped. 

 When done rightiy, your saw should cut 

 smoothly and easily, and the stuff should 

 look almost as if it were planed. 



