USES OF EUCALYPTS. 35 



f^ases the trees can be so set along the road as to serve both as a wind- 

 break against the most disagreeable winds of the region and as shade 

 trees during summer. (PI. III.) In all cases the fact that these trees 

 are evergreen, and consequentl}' shade-producing both winter and sum- 

 mer, must be taken into consideration. In regions where heavy win- 

 ter rains occur it would not be wise to plant Eucal3'pts so thickly as to 

 keep the road from drying. 



In many parts of the Southwest the Eucalypts are utilized to advan- 

 tage to furnish shade in pastures. If set along the fences and along 

 irrigating ditches they can be made to protect the animals in the pas- 

 ture without at any time interfering with farming operations. In the 

 place of the Cottonwood and other deciduous trees, some P^ucalypts 

 would be an improvement, both in appearance and in usefulness. 

 Even during the winter, when deciduous trees are leafless, there are 

 many da3's when animals in the pasture need shelter from the sun, 

 and many more when protection against wind and rain is needed. 

 The Eucalypts would furnish this protection to animals. In addition 

 they would be a source of better fuel and timber than most deciduous 

 trees, and would add much to the appearance of the winter landscape. 



AS A SOURCE OF TIMBER. 



For Australia and the neighboring islands the Eucalypts are one of 

 the important sources of the general timber supply, and are the chief 

 source of the hard-wood timber used there. The uses made of Euca- 

 lyptus timber are remarkably diverse. It enters into the construction 

 of buildings, ships, bridges, railroads, piers, telegraph lines, fences, 

 paving, vehicles, agricultural implements, furniture, barrels, and a 

 great variety of minor articles. In his Notes on the Commercial 

 Timbers of New South Wales Mr. Maiden names twenty-five "special 

 purposes" for which the timber of Eucalypts is used in that colony. 

 Six species are named as valuable for bridge timbers, five as valual)le 

 for piles, nine for paving, eight for posts, three for railroad tics, four 

 for railway coaches, five for lumber and .shingles, seven for the vari- 

 ou.s parts of vehicles, two for barrels and casks, and two for broom 

 and tool handles. Eleven "special purposes" are assigned to the tim- 

 ber of the Spotted Gum {Eucalyptus maculata)^ ten to the timber of 

 the Ironbark {E. slderoxijlon)^ eight to that of Red Mahogany {E. res- 

 m If era) and Tallow Wood {E. m!croco)'y.s), six to that of Gray Gum 

 {E. pt'oj)/nqua), five to that of Red Gum {E. rostrata)^ and a lesser 

 number to that of seven other species. Not only in Australia is the 

 timber of Eucalypts used thus extensivel}', but it is exported in 

 large quantities, the bulk of the hard-wood lumber shipped being from 

 these trees. R. Dalyrimplo-Hay. in his work entitled The Timber 

 Trade of New South Wales, names thirteen species that furnish tim- 

 ber for export. He gives the annual output of lumber from the 108 



