THE CANADIAN HORTIC U LT U iiiST 



January, 



BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES 



SEASON 1915 



Early Cash Order Discount 

 4% January 

 3% February 

 Send for our New Catalogue 



BEES -WAX WANTED 



Best Market Price 

 Cash or Exchange 



TheHam&NottCo.,Ltd. 



BRANTFORD, ONT. 



The Bcc-Kccpers' Review 



Is out on a hunt for new subscribers 

 and has a special offer to make to 

 those subscribing at the present time. 

 The regular subscription price of The 

 ){<i;i«u; is $1 a year. Our special of- 

 fer is to give the last nine months of 

 1914 and all of 1915 at the regular an- 

 nual price. The nine months of 1914 

 cocntain all the valuable papers read at 

 the National Convention at St, Louis, 

 Mo., last February, including on€ 

 from Prof. Morlev Pettit, and one 

 from Prof. F. W. Sladen, of Canada, 

 besides many from over the border. 

 Twenty-one months for a dollar. A 

 bargain worth considering. No ex- 

 tra charge for Canadian postage. 



.Address, with remittance. The Bee- 

 Keepers' Review, Northstar, Michi- 

 gan. 



Bee Keepers! Attention. 



What arc you doing for your Home and Country 

 these days? We've nailed "MADE IN CANADA" 

 to our mast, and our Catalog, the finest and most . 

 complete ever issued in Canada, will be off the press 

 in January. A treat for you when you send that 



postal. 



THE CHAS. E. HOPPER CO., TORONTO, ONT. 





Price Need Not Stand in the Way! 



Don t let the question of price prevent you from owning- a SPRAMOTOB 

 md g tting 'better crops. We make a SPRAMOTOB a« low as $6, aJid from 



that all the way up to $350. Our $6 outfit is 

 as good value in proportion as the $350 

 machine. There's a 



V9l^nimctbr 



It isnt a SPRAMOTOR unless wc made it 



for every need — the small farmer and the 

 thousand-acre man. The knapsack outfit at 

 the left is all hig-h-grade and sprays at high 

 prtssure. We guarantee it to soray paint, 

 whitewash and chemicals. The SPRAMOTOR 

 is all brass with dashing agitator around 



screen, automatic plunger, brass ball valves and patent hand 



valves. The price is $12 with 5gxl. galvanized tank or $16 



with 5gal. brajse tank. 



Barrel outfit consists of all-brass No. 2 SPRAMOTOR with 

 two lOfeet lines of hose, couplings attached, patent hand 

 valves, two bamboo extension rods with brass cupped enda 

 and patent drip guards, two double-nozzle clusters, complete 

 and guaranteed. Price $26. Can be used for all kinds of work. 



Write uw giving some idea of your spraying 



needs, in return we will mail you without 



charge a copy of our valuable illustrated 

 treatise on Crop Diseases, also details of a SPRAMOTOR best 

 suited to .vour requirements. 



FREE 



Made it\ Canada. 



No Duty to Pay. 



SPRAMOTOR WORKS 



210 King St., LONDON, CAN. 



Determining Cost of Production 



G. E. McUtoth, Foretl, Oat. 



The average fruit nr""'-'"' •'' ""t ■» ■•'>-t- 

 chant. He is a producer, placiiiK on the 

 market a product that has an average valu- 

 ation in Ontario of .$12,<)f)f),()00. .As such he 

 should have a clear kno\\lid.ife of his busi- 

 ness and be in a position to Icmow and know 

 definitely, not only the cost of 'production, 

 but every detail in connection with that 

 business. Business meth<jds applied to the 

 orchard would permit the Kroner to know 

 exactly the minimum price at which he could 

 market a barrel of apples or a basket of 

 peaches and not iincur a loss. MiRht it not 

 thus help to determine the price at which 

 the grower's fruit should be sold, just as 

 every other substantial producing business 

 considers cost, adds a reasonable profit, and 

 thus determines the selling price. In other 

 words would it not put the grower in busi- 

 ness for himself on a business basis. 



In all lines of manufacturing, the first 

 and most important thing to know is the 

 cost of production. Why is it not equally 

 as important in the orchard"' Perhaps you 

 did not make as much money last year as 

 you thought you should, and yet how many 

 can tell just why thev did not ? You have 

 some idea, perhiijis, but few have records 

 to verify that impression. I believe there is 

 a way it can be done in the fruit business 

 with as irreat results as in any other busi- 

 nes, and I venture to say the work of kf^ep- 

 ing such records would not be too cumber- 

 some to apply to the orchard. 



Your business methods should furnish 

 guiding informatioT. .\t the close of a day 

 or a week or a month you should know the 

 standing of your orchard in a business 

 sense. It should enable you to keep a close 

 check on your business. You shoulr be 

 able to run your orchard more profit ibh. 

 amd to buy or sell more intelligently .\ 

 business method which would furnish up-to- 

 the-minute records without delay and extra 

 work should cost but a trifle, and should 

 rot re(|uire a college student to pertVrm 

 the work. The cost of production is one 

 of the branches of orchard work which is 

 not receiving proper attention. How i- the 

 improvement to be made? 



Notes by an Inspector 



E. H. Wartman, Domioioa Fra't Inspeclar, 

 Mcatreal, Qnr. 



One noticeable characteristic of the rea- 

 son's trade in export apples at the por* of 

 Montreal during the season of 1914 vas 

 the strong eight-hooped barrels used, wi-ach 

 landed fruit in good condition. Handling 

 from cars to sheds was done with unusual 

 care, and therefore there were less broken 

 packages than ever before. 



The grading and quality of fruit was very 

 satisfactory in most cases, and especially 

 fine in the standard box, which in most 

 cases wee wrapped. Unfortunately, ajjples 

 in barrels for the last steamers were, in 

 many cases, frosted and looked badly, hav- 

 ing been rolled in a frosted condition. In 

 some shipments as high as ninety per cent, 

 were slack by frost. 



One very noticeable mistake is seen in 

 over-pressing. This causes the fruit to be 

 wasty. The juice is squeezed out- at the 

 bruised spots and makes the pulp cockey, 

 and necessitates a cutting awav or waste. 

 It also causes earlv decay. This destnac- 

 tion by over-nres^ing is not necessary, as 

 many cars put up by skilled packers have 

 larded in F.ngland quite tierht in the bar- 

 rels, and showing very slieht marks by 

 (ConcluilrJ on poi/r 22) 



