38 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



February, 191 n; 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINKD WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTUBIST 

 AND BEEKEEPEB 



with which hat been Incorpornted 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publlihlntt Company. Limited. 



PKXKRBORO, ONTA.RIO 



H. Bronson Cowan Managing Director 



The Only Magazine* in Their Field in the 



Dominion 



Official Organs of thr Ontario and Quebec 



Fruit Growers' Associations 



AND OF The Ontario and New Brunswick 



Beekeepers' Associations. 



REPRESENTATIVES 



UNITED STATES 

 STOCKWELLS SPECIAL AGENCY. 

 Chlcaiio Oflice— People's Gas Buildinic. 

 New York Office— Tribune BuildinK 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Mountftephen, 3 Regent St., London. S.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist is nnblished in 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month pre- 

 ceding date of issue. The first edition is known 

 a« the fruit edition, and is devoted chiefly to 

 the commercial fruit interests: The second 

 edition is known as the floral edition, and is 

 devoted chiefly to the interests of amateur 

 flower, fruit and vegetable growers. The third 

 edition is known as The Canadian Horticulturist 

 and Beekeeper. In this edition several paeres of 

 matter appearing in the first and second issues 

 are replaced by an equal number o! pages of 

 matter relating to the beekeeping interests of 

 Canada 



2. Subscription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist in Canada and Great Britain, $1.00 a 

 year: three years for $2.00. and of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist and Beeketper. $1.00 a year. For 

 United States and local subscriptions in Peter- 

 boro (not called for at the Post Office). 25 cents 

 extra a year, including postage. 



J. Remittances should be made by Post Office 

 or Express Money Order, or Registered Letter. 



4. The Law is that subscribers to newspapers 

 are held responsible until all arrearages are 

 paid and their paper ordered to be discontinued. 



5. Change of Address— When a change of ad- 

 drees is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dressee must be given. 



6. Advertising rates. $1.40 an inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager. Peterboro. Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 



The following is a sworn statement of the net 

 oaid circulation of The Canadian Hortionlturist 

 for the year ending with December 1914. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samnles and spoiled 

 copies. Most months, including the samnle con- 

 ies, from 1J.000 to 15.000 copies of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist are mailed to people known to be 

 intereeted in the growing of fruits, flowers or 

 vegetables. 



January. 1914 ....12,966 Augu,<4t. 1914 11905 



February. 1914 ...12.983 September. 1914 ..11.610 



March, 1914 12.960 October, 1914 11,622 



Apnl, 1914 13,362 November, 1914 ...11,532 



May, 1914 13.284 December, 1914 ...11,545 



June, 1914 13,073 



July. 1914 11,871 Total 148,713 



Average each issue in 1907, 6,627 

 Average each issue in 1914, 12,393 

 Sworn detailed statements will be mailed 

 upon application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 



• W^e,if»f'rantee that every advertiser in this issue 

 18 reliable. We are able to do this because the 

 advertising columns of The Canadian Horticul- 

 turist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and because to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one mouth from date of this issue, that it is 

 reported to us within a week of its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 is a condition of this contract that in writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I saw your advertisement 

 in The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not plv iheir trade at the expense 

 of our subscribers, who are our friends, through 

 the medium of these columns; hut we shall not 

 attempt to adjust trifling disputes between sub- 

 Bcribers and honourable business men who ad- 

 vertise, nor pay the d»bt8 of honest bankrupts. 



Oom munications should be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HOR'nrnT.TnRTflT 



PBTERBQ^p. ONT, 



g EDITORIAL ^ 

 THE LIMITED DEMAND FOB FRUIT 



The more we study this question of find- 

 inif a market for our increased produrlion 

 of fruit, the deeper the problem beromes. 

 At one time the common impression was 

 that if we could only obtain a rapid express 

 and freight service at reasonable rates the 

 solution would be about attained. While 

 much remains to be accomplished in this 

 direction, enoutjh has been effected to re- 

 veal the fact that even if we had perfect 

 transportation arraing:ements the problem 

 of an adeciuate market would continue to 

 be as pressing as ever. 



For some years the cry against the mid- 

 dleman has been growing. Proof has fre- 

 quently been furnished that there are 

 middlemen who at times, by combining to 

 manipulate' prices and in other ways, have 

 been able to appropriate too large a pro- 

 portion of the sale price of their fruit for 

 their own advantage. Nevertheless, care- 

 ful investigations have revealed the fact 

 that such cases are the exception rather 

 than the rule. When fruit growers have 

 attempted to establish their own distribut- 

 iing agencies in the large cities the ex- 

 pense of operation has generally been so 

 great as to force the abandonment of the 

 enterprise. Retailers, such as Mr. Clark, 

 of Toronto, who spoke at the recent annual 

 convention of the Ontario Fruit Growers' 

 Association, generally make out a surpris- 

 ingly strong case in proof of their conten- 

 tion that they are not making an unduly 

 high profit oai the fruit they handle. Thus 

 we are being led to look for other factors 

 in the situation. 



M the Dominion Fruit Conference held 

 last summer a remark was made by Mr. 

 Elmer Lick, of Oshawa, which deserved to 

 receive more attention than it did. Mr. 

 Lick said: "The disquieting feature that 

 confronts us when we attempt to find an 

 outlet for our apples is the large per- 

 centage of the people in our cities who 

 are unable to buy fruit at any price." 

 Mr. Lick was right. Here, then, is a new 

 problem for the fruit grower to face. What 

 is the cause that makes such a large and 

 increasing percentage of the residents in 

 cities in all countries, including Canada, 

 too poor to buy fruit "at any price?" 



This question can't be answered by point- 

 ing to amy one cause. There are a num- 

 ber of causes. Anyone who makes a thor- 

 ough and careful investigation, however, 

 is pretty sure in the long run to discover 

 that there is one cause that stands out 

 above all others. It is the land question. 



Without our realizing it, the land in our 

 urban centres has become monopolized. 

 This land year by year is increasing in 

 value enormously. Tn one year the assess- 

 ed value of the land in the city of Toronto 

 alome increased over fifty-five million dol- 

 lars. This is such an immense sum we 

 cannot realize what it means. Where does 

 this money come from ? It does not drop 

 from heaven, as some people would seem to 

 think. Instead, it comes out of the pockets 

 of both producers and consumers. 



.A laboring man in Toronto earning twelve 

 dollars a week who has a family, has to pay 

 out directly from twelve to fifteen and even 

 sixteen dollars a month in rent. This re- 

 presents one-quaiter of all he earns, even 

 when he is working full time. When he is 

 out of work it means much more, But this 



is only a small part of the burden he bears. 

 Every time he buys food, concealed in the 

 price he pays for it is a charge made by 

 the grocer or butcher to help him to pay 

 his store rent. Back of that again is ano- 

 ther similar charge added previously .by 

 the wholesaler or jobber. So it is with 

 everything he buys, from clothes to house- 

 hold furniture and medical attendance. It 

 is safe to assume that the average working 

 main pays out more than half of all he 

 earns to those comparatively few men who 

 own the land comprised within the limits 

 of the city in which he lives. How can he 

 afford to buy fruit under such conditions? 



What is the remedy? Take all possible 

 taxes off industry, such as buildings and 

 improvements, and add them on to land 

 values. In Toronto there are some two 

 thousand acres of vacant land that is held 

 out of use for speculative purposes and 

 immen.se additional acres that arc OJiIy partly 

 used. Were taxes taken off buildings and 

 placed on lamd values ,it would become 

 more profitable to build houses, idle land 

 would be forced into use, houses, stores 

 and factories could be built more readily, 

 more work would thus be created for men 

 out of work, rents would fall to a more 

 reasonable basis, working men would have 

 more money, and the possible purchasers 

 of fruit would be increased materially in 

 number. The more you study this problem 

 the closer you will find it comes home to 

 the fruit grower. 



A TIMELY APPOINTMENT 



The Dominion Conservation Commission 

 is to be commended upon the wisdom it 

 has displayed in the appointment of a town 

 planning expert. The number of people 

 w ho desire to see their municipalities grow 

 and expand upon modem lines in which civic 

 beautification is a prominent feature, is in- 

 creasing rapidly. Hitherto these people 

 have not known where to turn for advice 

 and guidance. The Conservation Commis- 

 sion has recognized the opportunity for ser- 

 vice thus presented and has undertaken to 

 furnish the assistance needed. 



In Europe town planning has been re- 

 duced to a science. Plans for development 

 along approved lines are prepared years in 

 advance amd are follovied with care. In 

 Canada we have begun to realize of late 

 that we have been falling behind the times. 

 It is encouraging, therefore, to see this re- 

 cent sign of progress. 



The fruit growers of California set an 

 example to fruit growers elsewhere through- 

 out the world in the matter of successful 

 cooperation. The annual report of the Cali- 

 fornia Fruit Growers' Exchange for the 

 year ending .August .31, 1914, shows that 

 the Exchange handled eleven million two 

 hundred and sixty-two thous.nnd one hun- 

 dred and eighty-five boxes of citrus fruits, 

 including over ten million boxes of oranges 

 and one million one hundred thousand 

 boxes of lemons. These shipments made 

 a total of twenty-eight thousand one hun- 

 dred and ninety-three carloads. This fruit 

 sold for nineteen million two hundred and 

 forty-six thousand seven hundred and fifty- 

 seven dollars, or an average of one dollar 

 sevanty-one cents a box, freight on board. 

 The delivered value of the fruit equalled 

 almost twenty-nine million five hundred 

 thousand dollars. The operating expenses, 

 including everything, amounted to only 

 four and one-quarter cents a packed box, 

 or one and three-fifths per cent, of the gross 

 sales. The success of the California Ex- 

 change indicates the possibilities that lie 

 before the apple g^rowers of Canada. AJ- 



