Note the Different Styles of Pack Here Shown in This Exhibit of Fruit at a New Brunswick Horticultural Exhibition 



where they are a distance away from 

 water. There are conditions which seem 

 more favorable to Yellows and Little 

 Peach in some localities than in others. 

 I know of one particular section in the 

 Niagara district where mildew is more 

 prevalent than in any other part, and 

 there Yellows and Little Peach are also 

 oftener found than in places further 

 away. 



Throughout my experience inspecting 

 for Peach diseases, I have found that 

 orchards situated near what is commonly 

 called the Mountain, which extends 

 through the Niagara district, have al- 

 ways proved to be the most seriously 

 affected with Yellows and Little Peach. 

 .'\t the base of the mountain, there are 

 some sections where at some period of 

 time there has been carried down by 

 large streams of water, soil mixed with 

 limestone. This covers an area of from 

 eight to ten acres. Peaches planted on 

 these places grow rapidly, but soon die 

 out with Yellows. Again, about half- 

 way up the face of this mountain there 

 is a bench or ledge of lanld, in some 

 places wide enough for planting an or- 

 chard. I have known several orchards 

 to be planted on it, but not an orchard 

 survived more than seven or eight years 

 before the Yellows wiped it out. Again, 

 orchards planted just on the top of the 

 mountain are badly affected. 



Along the face of the mountain there 

 is more or less stagnant air. Immedi- 

 ately on the top there is good air drain- 

 age, yet the stagnant air from decaying 

 vegetable matter on the face of the 

 mountain is carried up to orchards on 

 top by the north and north-west winds. 

 I am undecided how to account for so 

 much disease in this particular locality. 

 Whether it is due to climatic or soil 

 conditions I am not prepared to say. I 

 am inclined to think that climatic condi- 

 tions form the chief factor accountable 

 for so much disease in this district. 



Where diseased trees are promptly 

 removed and burned, the disease will not 

 spread very badly. If affected trees are 

 allowed to remain standing for a month 

 or more, there are nearly double the 

 number of diseased trees the following 

 year than there would have been had 

 the diseased trees been removed pro- 

 perly . 



From experiments carried out at the 

 Vineland Experimental Station, it has 

 been proved that diseased buds insert- 

 ed in a tree will require two years be- 

 fore the disease will be visible in the 

 tree. From this I would consider that 

 it would be better to have an inspector 

 examine the tree from which buds are 

 being procured. 



After the most careful investigations 

 carried out by those who have made a 

 study of the diseases of peach trees, none 

 can tell us at what particular stage of 

 development the disease spreads to other 

 trees. As yet there is no proof that 

 Yellows can be transmitted to healthy 

 trees by bees carrying the pollen from 

 one tree to another. It has often been 

 said by fruit growers that diseased trees 

 cut down and dragged through an or- 

 chard would spread the disease to other 

 trees. I have never seen proof that such 



is the case, for I have taken badly dis- 

 eased branches and brushed and whipped 

 them against the foliage and branches of 

 healthy trees and failed to innoculate the 

 tree with disease. 



One large peach grower .seems. to be 

 of the opinion that Yellows is more pre- 

 valent following a season after a bad at- 

 tack of Peach Curl, or Curl Leaf. If 

 this were true, we would expect to find 

 more disease in Elbertas than other var- 

 ieties, because Elbertas are more subject 

 to Leaf Curl than most other varieties. 

 However, we do not find Elbertas more 

 subject to disease than other varieties. 

 All varieties are subject to Yellows, seed- 

 lings as well as others. If there is any 

 one variety more su.sceptible than ano- 

 ther to disease, it is the Triumph, and 

 it is more difficult to identify Yellows in 

 the Triumph when determining by the 

 fruit alone than any other variety I 

 know of. 



In 191 1, there were nearly 60,000 dis- 

 eased trees in the Niagara and Fonthill 

 districts, in 1912 25,000, in 1913 5,901, 

 in 1914 3,000. The decrease from 60,000 

 in 191 1 to 3,000 in 1914 is due to the 

 splendid cooperation of the peach grow- 

 ers with the inspectors in promptly de- 

 stroying diseased trees. 



Notes on Fertilizers* 



Prof. R. Harcourt, O 



BOXl'^.S form a very important 

 manure, particularly on soils 

 which show a deficiency of phos- 

 phoric acid or for crops that require 

 considerable quantities of this con- 

 stituent. They are valuable, as they 

 contain nitrogen and phosphoric acid. 

 Ground raw bones may contain about 

 30 per cent, of organic matter, with 

 perhaps 3 to 4 per cent, of nitrogen 

 and about 20 per cent, of phosphoric 

 acid. Raw bones, however, also contain 

 considerable fat. This ingredient is ob- 



♦Extract from Bulletin 220 recently issued by 

 the Ontario Department of Asrriculture. 



■ A. C, Guelph, Ontario 



jectionable since it hinders the decom- 

 position of the organic matter after the 

 bones are applied to the soil, and it also 

 renders it practically impossible to reduce 

 the bones to a finely divided condition 

 before applying. For this reason, and 

 also in order to extract gelatine, they are 

 submitted to the action of steam under 

 pressure and thus robbed of their fat and 

 some of the gelatine and brought into a 

 condition to be easily reduced to a fine 

 state. This steamed bone meal will con- 

 tain 1 or 2 p)er cent, or under some me- 

 thods of extraction even more, nitrogen, 

 with from 20 to 25 per cent, of phos- 



