I02 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



April, 1915 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINKD WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



with which h!i» hccn incorporated 



The Ca«ind;nn Bee Journal- 

 Puhllshed bv The Horticultural 

 Publishing Compiny, Limited. 

 nCTKRBORO, ONTARIO 



H. Bronson Cowan Managing Director 



The Only Magazines in Their Field in the 

 Dominion 



Official Orgakb of thk Ontario akd Qpkbko 



Fbdit Growkks' Associations 



AND of Thk Ontario and New Brunswick 



Beekeepers' A8eociATi<»N8. 



REPRESENTATIVES 



UNITED STATES 

 STOOKWEXiL'S SPECIAL AGENCY 

 Chicago Office— People's Gas Buildina. 

 New York Office— Tribune Buildintr. 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Mountstephen, 3 Regent St., London, S.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist is published in 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month pre- 

 ceding date of, issue. The first edition is Itnown 

 as the fruit edition, and is devoted chiefly to 

 the commercial fruit interests : The second 

 edition is known a« the floral edition, and is 

 devoted chiefly to the interests of amateur 

 flower, fruit and vesretable growers. The second 

 edition is known as The Canadian Horticulturist 

 and Beekeeper. In this edition several pages of 

 matter appearing in the first and second issues 

 are replaced by an equal number of pages of 

 matter relating to the beekeeping interests of 

 Canada. 



2. Subeeription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist in Canada and Great Britain, $1.00 a 

 year: three years for $2.00. and of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist and Beekeeper. $1.00 a year. For 

 United States and local subscriptions in Peter- 

 boro (not called for at the Post Office). 25 cents 

 extra a year, includin? postaee. 



J. Remittances should be made bv Post OfSce 

 or Express Money Order, or Regist«red Letter. 



4. The Law is that subscribers to newspapers 

 are held responsible until all arrearages are 

 paid and their paper ordered to be discontinued. 



5. Change of Address— When a change of ad- 

 dress is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



6. Advertising rates, $1.40 an inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Kanager, Peterboro, Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 



The following is a sworn statement of the net 

 paid circulation of The Canadian Horticulturist 

 for the year ending with December, 1914. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and spoiled 

 copies. Most months, including the sample cop- 

 ies, from 13,000 to 15.000 copies of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist are mailed to people known to be 

 interested in the growing of fruits, flowers or 

 vegetables. 



January, 1914 ....12,966 August, 1914 11,905 



February, 1914 ...12,983 September. 1914 ..11,610 



March, 1814 12,960 October, 1914 11,622 



April, 1914 13,362 November, 1914 ...11,532 



May, 1914 13,284 December, 1914 ...11,545 



Jun«, 1914 .13,073 



July, 1914 11,871 Total 148,713 



Average each issue in 1907, 6,627 

 Average each issue In 1914, 12,393 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed 

 upon application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 



We guarantee that every advertiser in this issue 

 is reliable. We are able to do this because the 

 advertising columns of The Canadian Horticul- 

 turist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and because to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amotint of 

 his loss provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this issue, that it Is 

 reported to us within a. week of its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 is a condition of this contract that in writing to 

 advertisere you state: "I saw vour advertisement 

 in The Canadian HortioulturiBt." 



Rogues shaH not plv their trade at the expense 

 of our sub-scribers. who are our friends, through 

 the medium of the?e coluir^s; but we shall not 

 attempt to adjust trifling disputes between sub- 

 scribers and hoTionrnble business men who ad 

 verti?6, nor pav the debts of honest bankrnpta 



Comtnunlcations should be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HORT^CTTT.TTTRTaT 



PETERBORO. ONT 



M EDITORIAL H 



PRESERVE ARBOR DAY 



The numerous orj^anizations, such as 

 Civic Improvement Leagues, that have 

 spruriK: into existence during- the past few 

 years for the purpose of stimulatinjf and 

 increasinfir the public interest in civic im- 

 provement have an opportunity to accom- 

 plish fi-ood work by revivinir am interest in 

 the observation of Arbor Day. In this work 

 our horticultural societies would do well to 

 lend a hand. 



In each of the provinces, excepting only 

 British Columbia, provision has been made 

 for the celebration of Arbor Day. In most 

 provinces it is a public school celebration 

 only. The regrulatioms provide for its ob- 

 servation by the planting of trees and 

 shrubs on the school grounds. In many 

 towns and cities the schools no loncrer ob- 

 serve the day. This is recrettable. The 

 various aifencies that have been working to 

 promote town planning- and civic improve- 

 ment have educated public opinion on the 

 importance of tree plantinpr. An effort, 

 therefore, to revive an interest in the ob- 

 servance of Arbor Day would be likely in 

 most centres to meet with a ready response. 



The Commission of Comservation at 

 Ottawa points out that Canada is so de- 

 pendent upon her foregts that any measures 

 which may be made to extend the knowledge 

 of the people respecting trees and the need 

 for their protection will serve a useful pur- 

 pose. It suggests that Arbor Day might 

 be made a public day or half-holiday, as 

 well as observed by the schools. The pro- 

 posal has much to commend it. If city 

 councils or park commissions would under- 

 take to provide trees on condition that the 

 citizens would agree to plant them accord- 

 ing to instructions, a public observance of 

 the day would meet with favor in many 

 centres. 



THE LIMITS OF COOPERATION 



Cooperation has conferred so many and 

 such great benefits on fruit growers and 

 its advocates are so numerous and earnest 

 it seems difficult for some to realize that 

 like everything else, its possibilities for 

 good are limited. Its dangers grow out of 

 its successes. There is great need for a 

 wide and general extension of the coopera- 

 tive principle in the production aaid mar- 

 keting of fruit in every fruit district of 

 Canada, but particularly in Ontario and 

 Quebec. It seems almost uncalled for, 

 therefore, to point out agencies that sooner 

 or later will militate seriously against the 

 success of the cooperative principle. Yet the 

 sooner we recognize that there are dangers 

 the better prepared will we be to deal with 

 them when the time arrives. 



The greatest danger that attends the in- 

 troduction of the cooperative method is the 

 tendency of land to increase in value wher- 

 ever cooperation proves successful. So well 

 is this fact realized that in a bulletin, deal- 

 ing with cooperation, issued by the Domin- 

 ion Fruit Division, fruit growers are urged 

 to cooperate because among other reasons, 

 cooperative effort will tend to increase the 

 value of their land. Let us, for a moment, 

 examine conditions in the Annapolis Val- 

 lev. Because of the success that is attend- 

 img the efforts of the United Fruit Growers 

 of Nova Scotia, Ltd.. a tendency is already 

 manifest among fruit growers to increase 

 their acreage, and lands are already be- 

 ginning to increase in value. This condi- 



tion promotes speculation in land. The re- 

 sult will be that sooner or later there will 

 be a boom in land values in the Annapolis 

 Valley which will prove just as disastrous 

 in Nova Scotia as similar booms have prov- 

 ed in recent years in British Columbia. 



As fruit lands increase in value there is 

 a temdency for them to pass out of the 

 hands of growers into the hands of specu- 

 lators. In time they are re-sold to new- 

 comers at prices that eventually become so 

 hieh it is almost impossible for last pur- 

 chasers to make a profit from their land in 

 spite of the great success which may be 

 attending the efforts of their local cooper- 

 ative associations. 



Wherever cooperation is proving suc- 

 cessful there is a tendency also for more 

 and more people to rush im for fruit grow- 

 ing. This continues until advancing land 

 values act as a check As more and more 

 engage in the occupation the production of 

 fruit is so increased that even the efforts of 

 the best organized cooperative associatioms 

 become taxed to deal with the situation thus 

 created. Fruit, then, has frequently to be 

 sacrificed in the leadino- consuming centres. 

 This benefits the consumer for a while, and 

 even tends to increase consumptior.. but if 

 the condition continues it also is offset by 

 the tendency of land in the cities to increase 

 in value until the benefit of the increased 

 productiom and lower prices has been ab- 

 sorbed by the city landowner rather than bv 

 the consumer. This tendency of land to 

 increase in value is one which sooner or 

 later tends to offset practically all the bene- 

 fits derived through cooperative effort. 



The remedy for increasing land values is 

 to shift taxes from improvememts to land 

 values. L'nder such a system of taxation 

 the fruit grower who plants and cultivates 

 an orchard is not penalized for his enter- 

 prise, while the speculator who would seize 

 and hold land for speculative purposes is 

 fined by the increased taxes he has to pay. 

 The more this question of the tendency of 

 land to increase in value is studied by fruit 

 growers the more worthy they will find it 

 of further consideration. It is an unrecog- 

 nized but very real agency which is always 

 and ever operating to minimize and thwart 

 the efforts of those who strive to make fruit 

 growing more profitable by the introduc- 

 tion of improved and better methods of 

 horticultural practice. 



ONTARIO FRUIT GROWERS 

 SHOULD ACT 



The success which is attending coopera- 

 tive methods in the Annapolis Valley of 

 Nova Scotia, the Okanagan Valley, and 

 other fruit centres of British Columbia, as 

 well as in the Pacific Coast states, makes 

 it the more difficult to understand why On- 

 tario lags behind in the application of the 

 cooperative principle on a broad scale. 

 There are numerous successful local coop- 

 erative associations in Ontario. Some of 

 these are as successful as can be found 

 a'lvwhere on the Continent. W? ere On- 

 tario is falling down is in its failure to 

 unite more of the local associations than it 

 has yet succeeded in doing in an extension 

 of the principle on a provincial scale. 



The warning comes from the west that 

 this year western fruit growers, through 

 their cooperative organizations, are plan- 

 ning to so arrange their shipments of fruit 

 that when it is found that the prairie mar- 

 kets are supplied this fruit will not be 

 allowed to be sacrificed on the prairie mar- 

 kets, but will be rushed through to eastern 

 markets, and sold for what it will bring. 

 In other words, the fruit growers of On- 

 tario who produce more fruit than all the 

 other provinces combined, because of their 

 failure to cooperate in a large way are in 



