124 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



May, 1915 





v: 



A power sprayer at work In the orchard of Egbert Smith, Winon;i, Ont. 



Caesar estimating that five cents per 

 tree should cover the total cost for two 

 sprayings on trees fourteen years old. 



The Plum Curcvilio, which stings the 

 cherries, causing them to drop, can be 

 controlled by spraying either with con- 

 centrated lime-sulphur, specific gravity 

 1.009, or Bordeaux mixture, with three 

 pounds of arsenate of lead added to 

 every forty gallons of water. The ar- 

 senate of lead controls the curculio, 

 while the lime-sulphur or Bordeaux as- 

 sists in the control of brown rot, shot- 

 hole fungus, and powdery mildew, 

 Another spray, using the same mater- 

 ial and strength as for the above, 

 should be given a'bout two weeks later 

 to further assist in the control of these 

 diseases and the curculio. For the shot- 

 hole fungus or leaf spot, as it is often 

 called, it will sometimes be found neces- 

 sary to spray again just after the fruit 

 is picked. 



For sweet dherries it would perhaps 

 be advisable to use Bordeaux mixture 

 for all but the first spray, as sweet 

 cherry foliage is tender, and is liable 

 to be burned by lime-stflphur spray. 

 However, several growers use only the 

 lime-sulphur sipray, with excellent re- 

 sults. 



If the pear slug is bad on either 

 cherry or pear trees, spray with arsen- 

 ate of lead, two to three pounds to 

 forty gallons of water, whenever the 

 slugs are numerous enough to warrant 

 it, unless the fruit is beginning to ripen. 

 Apply- the spray to the upper surface 

 of leaves, as it is there that the slugs 

 feed. Dusting with heillebore, air 

 slaked lime, or almost any finely 

 divided dust, will also destroy most of 

 the larvae, which are very readilj 

 killed. 



It is, of eour.se, too late now for 

 pears to receive the regular first spray 

 — concentrated lime-sulphur one gal- 

 lon to seven gallons of water, applied 

 just before the leaf-ibuds burst. If this 

 spray has not been put on then later 

 sprays are all the more important. 



The second spray, concentrated lime- 

 sulphur, one gallon to thirty to thirty- 

 five gallons water, with two or three 

 pounds arsenate of lead to forty gal- 

 lons of liquid should be applied just 

 before the blossom buds burst. This, 

 and the next or codling moth spraj- 

 are very necessary in the control of the 

 scab, and if this disease • is unusually 

 bad, these sprays should never be 

 neglected. 



Spray again, with the same mixture 

 and strength as for the above spray, 

 just after the 'blossoms have all or 

 nearly all fallen. This application as- 

 sists in the control of the scab, and is 

 also the codling worm spray. It is 

 important that it be applied just after 

 the blossoms have fallen, and under 

 fairly high pressure, driving the spray, 

 particularly into the calyx-end of the 

 young fruit, as it is at this point that 

 the majority of the worms enter. Add 

 Black Leaf forty to this spray at the 

 strength recommended on the cans, to 

 control the Pear Psylla, if this pest is 

 sufficiently serious to warrant it. 



If the variety of pears grown is one 

 very subject to scaJb, such as Flemish 

 Beauty, they should receive another 

 application, the same as that given, 

 ten days after the Codling Moth spray. 

 If the Pear Slug is bad, spray as for 

 the slug on the cherry. 



Spraying will not controil the blight. 

 The only way to control this disease 

 ig by keeping the infected parts cue 



out. Cut out carefully in winter all 

 lilighted branches and twigs, cutting a 

 foot or more below the diseased part. 

 If the trees are too severely blighted 

 to save, cut them out completely and 

 burn them. Throughout the growing 

 season watch for and cut out promptly 

 all blighted twigs as they appear. Burn 

 Jill prunings. Disinfect pruning tools 

 and cuts with corrosive sublimate, one 

 to one thousand. 



Preventatives in the Vineyard* 



Grape vines are not often subject to 

 attacks by scale insects, so there is sel- 

 dom need for a spraying with strong 

 lime-sulphur before gnnvth starts. Do 

 not use the diluted lime-sulphur at any 

 time for grape spraying. It stunts or 

 checks the growth of the berries. Use 

 the Bordeaux mixture. 



Downy mildew, commonly called 

 "Red Grape," was very destructive 

 last season, and caused large financial 

 losses to growers who did not spray. 

 Black rot has b^en a serious disease in 

 recent seasons. Growers cannot afford 

 to risk the loss it may cause by neglect- 

 ing to spray. These diseases and others 

 will be prevented very largely by 

 spraying as follows: 



When the shoots are about eight to 

 ten inches long, spray with Bordeaux 

 mixture for black rot and dowTiy mil 

 dew. 



Just before blooming spray again 

 with Bordeaux mixture for black rot 

 and downy mildew, and to every fifty 

 gallons of Bordeaux add two or three 

 pounds of arsenate of lead to poison 

 the grape berry moth and the rose- 

 chafer. If this latter is serious use 

 stronger poison even up to five pounds 

 to fifty gallons. A pint of the cheapest 

 ■molasses added may help. 



Just as the blossoms are falling, 

 make another .spraying like the above. 



About ten days or two weeks later, 

 it may be necessary to make another 

 spraying like the two previous, but this 

 will depend upon the weather condi- 

 tions and the amount of rot and mildew 

 prevalent. If later sprayings are 

 thought to be necessary, some material 

 should be used that will not stain the 

 fruit, such as weak copper sulphate 

 solution. 



Flea-beetles may appear at any time, 

 but are most likely to come as the buds 

 open in the early spring. Spray with 

 Bordeaux mixture and a strong poison, 

 three or four pounds of arsenate of 

 lead to every fifty gallons of the 

 Bordeaux, if eariy in spring. Later 

 use less poison. 



For ciimljing cut-worms, use cotton 

 bands or bands of sticky mixture. On 

 tender growtb these can be put on 

 strips of paper. 



•From the annual report of the Michigan Stati- 

 Board of Agi-iculture for 1914. 



