138 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



May, 1915. 



I 



RENNIE^S ALWAYS GROW 

 THE BEST IN THE LAND. 



Catalogue FREE. 



Sold by best dealers. 



Wm. RENNIE Co. Limited 



ADELAIDE and JARVIS STS., TORONTO, ONT. 

 Also at Montreal, Winnipeg, Vancouver. 



QKINNE 



R 



YSTE M 



THE RAIN 

 MACHINE 



OF IRRIGATION 



Trade Mark irri 



THE SKINNER IRRIGATION CO. 



Write for six books 

 on indoor and outdoor 



ation, 



DEPT. R., TROY. OHIO 



SANDER & SONS 



ST. ALBANS, ENGLAND 



ORCHID GROWEFS. The Finest 



Stock in the World 



Ca'alogue on Application 



HOW ABOUT YOUR GREENHOUSES? 



Are they sufficient to meet the demands of your business? If not, and you are con- 

 templating using more glass, we would be glad to furnish you plans and estimates. 



Are your present greenhouses perfect and up-to-date in every respect? A 

 thoroughly modern plant means more efficiency, less running expense — a little 

 bit of money spent on your greenhouses now may save a great deal in the course 

 of the next year. 



A little overhauling of your houses, improved ventilation or heating, or perhaps a 

 new house or two may make a great deal of difference in the year's profits. 



We will be glad to give you any information we can, or suggest what we think would 

 help your plant if you will write us. 



GLASS GARDEN BUILDERS, LIMITED 



Makers of Greenhouses, Heating and Ventilating Apparatus, etc. 



Dept. B, 201 Church Street, Toronto 

 P. O, Box 1042. Montreal 



will result in better prices for the producer 

 and will be a guarantee of lower prices to 

 the consumers, as a whole. 



A pamphlet dealing with the marketing of 

 peaches in Georgia will shortly be Issued 

 by the Fruit Commissioner's Branch, and 

 will be mailed free to any grower request- 

 ing it. 



Losses Caused by Insects 



I Prof. L. Caesar, B.S.A., Guelph, Ont. 



It is nothinjf but the merest of jfuess 

 worlc to attempt to jfive an estimate of the 

 damage done to the Canadian fruit crop by 

 insects in 1914 in the form of dollars and 

 cents. As a rule the jfreat mass of people 

 who have small orchards seldom Bret any- 

 thine: worth speaking- of for their fruit. 

 This is as much because they do not know 

 how to sell it, even if it were clean, as 

 because of insect injuries. Three years 

 asro I passed through the county of Oxford, 

 when there were at least ten thousand bar- 

 rels of good fruit lying on the ground. This 

 was because the people did not know how 

 to reach the markets with it, and there 

 were no buyers sufficiently interested to 

 think it worth while to purchase them. 



The great mass of our best fruit is put 

 on the market by men who are spraying 

 their orchards, cultivating and giving them 

 the necessary care. In these orchards, in 

 many cases, not more than five per cent, 

 of the apples are injured by insects. I 

 know of many an orchard in Ontario where 

 the insect injury is not even five per cent. 

 Iin unsprayed orchards, especially in the 

 Niagara District and the warmer parts of 

 the province, the insect injury may amount 

 to as high as eightv or even ninety per 

 cent., and in the colder parts, where the 

 Codling Moth is not nearly so abundant 

 and there is no San Jose Scale, the injury- 

 amounts to from five to fifty per cent. The 

 last few vears this has been chiefly due to 

 Codling Moth and Tent Caterpillars. The 

 Plum Curculio is also a great pest and 

 sometimes damages a high nercentage of 

 not only plums, but of apnles and pears 

 and other fruits. The probability is that 

 in unsorayed orchards, taking the province 

 as a whole, fiftv per cent, of the fruit would 

 be remdered culls by insects. There are, of 

 course, a number of orchards that are 

 sprayed and in which the insects are not 

 at ail satisfactorily controlled, because the 

 owners do not know how to spray thor- 

 oughly and do not take the necessary pains 

 to learn how. Such orchards might be 

 classed amonp- the unsprayed. 



Another difficulty in arriving at an esti- 

 mate of the amount of injury from insects 

 is that in the fruit area, especially with 

 apples, the fruit is made unsaleable both 

 by insects and by disease; in fact, Apple 

 Scab is probably a much greater foe in the 

 fruit area to the fruit grower than any of 

 our insects, that is, taking the province as 

 a whole. An apple will often be infected 

 both by an insect and by disease. In such 

 a case it is unfair to attribute the injury 

 merely to the one cause, because it would 

 exist without the insect. 



I do not know what the percentage of 

 injury from insects would be in Nova 

 Scotia or in Quebec, but think it would be 

 smaller than the averap-e for Ontario if 

 you will take the neglected orchards into 

 account in Ontario. The Codling Moth is 

 not nearly so serious a pest in Nova Scotia. 

 The Bud Moth, on the other hand, is a 

 more serious pest. Aphids are more trouble- 

 some there than here, but Apple Scab is 

 the great bugbear in Nova Scotia. 



In British Columbia diseases are much 

 more important than insects except that 

 Aphids are a great trouble in parts of that 

 province, and are likely always to be a 

 greater trouble than in Ontario. 



