July, 1915. 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



177 



shipping point they haxi ftilfiUed the duties 

 incumbent upon them, and, if the shipper 

 unnecessarily delayed the oar until the ics 

 had melted below the safety point, the car- 

 rier cannot be held lia;ble for the results. 



The Commission has ruled that a carrier 

 is not entitled to either demurrage or freight 

 charges on a shipment destined to a con- 

 signee who has a private sidetrack, until 

 the shipments are actually placed on such 

 track, thus completing the transportation. 



It is the duty of a carrier to apprehend 

 that at certain seasons of the year ship- 

 ments of perishable produce are liable to 

 freeze. 



The Carrier Liable. 



A carrier is liable for injuries caused by 

 freezing in spite of the fact that the ibill 

 of lading contains a notatiom that tihe ship- 

 per assumes the risk of freezing, where the 

 shipment was delayed four days in transit, 

 as the carrier cannot exempt itself from li- 

 abilities through negligence. 



A carrier cannot excuse delay in trans- 

 porting freight on account of shortage of 

 cars and unprecedented amount of business, 

 where it accepts a shipment without notice 

 of those facts to the shipper. 



It is firmly established that a common 

 carrier may by special contract limit its li- 

 ability, at least against all risk but Its 

 own negligence or miscomduct. The duty 

 of the carrier is to exercise reasonable 

 care and diligence in transportation, to 

 transport in a reasonable time, without 

 unnecessary delay, to prevent so far as Is 

 reasonable and practicable any loss or dam- 

 age which may be occasioned by delays In 

 transit. What is reasonaJblo diligence, 

 where reasonableness is the standard, must 

 depend upon the circumstances of the par- 

 ticular case. 



Fruit Inspection Statistics 



The following figures indicate the ratio 

 between the number of packages of fruit 

 inspected by the officials of the Dominion 

 Fruit Division In the season of 1914-15, and 

 the total number of packages in the lots 

 inspected. These insipections were made 

 by the staff of Fruit Inspectors, temporary 

 and permanent, numbering about fifty in 

 all. The figures also show the total num- 

 ber of mspectlons wihich were made: 



The Chinese Market for Apples 



One of the representatives in China of 

 the Canadian Department of Commerce re- 

 ports that selected apples were recently 

 being sold on the Hankow market under 

 the description "Finest American." On In- 

 vestigation it was found that these apples 

 were grown in the Okanagan Valley of Brit- 

 ish Columbia. Other apples available oa 

 the Chinese market are imported from the 

 United States, Australia and Japan. Aus- 

 tralian apples do not compete with Cana- 

 dian, as their season is different. 



The price of British Columhia apples — 

 Mexican 112.00 to 114-00 per cas«— Is pro- 



hibitive to general use. Japanese apples 

 of good quality are sold for Mexican 13.50 

 to $5.00 per caise. If Canadian apples could 

 be sold for Mexican $7.00 to $8.00 per case 

 they would, owing to their superior quality, 

 be in great demand. 



Ontario Basket Factories 



A second visit has recently been made, 

 by a representative of the Dominion Fruit 

 Branch, to the basket factories of Ontario. 

 At the time of the first inspection — ^men- 

 tion of which was made in the June issue 

 of The Canadian Horticulturist — ^there was 

 a great lack of uniformity in the sizes of 

 packages which were then being made. 

 The manufacturers were shown where alter- 

 ations and improvements were necessary. 



The last inspectiion showed that practi- 

 cailly all fruit packages now being made are 

 of correct dimensions and of strong ma- 

 terial. The managers have corrected their 

 previous mistakes and the result is that 

 . no discrimination can be shown by growers 

 in favor of any one particular factory. In 

 order that this state of things may con- 

 tinue, frequent inspections will be made 

 by the government throughout the year. 



A Well Managed Concern 



The general manager of the California 

 Fruit Growers' Exchange claims that the 

 selling costs In the case of fruit dealt with 

 by the exchange are lower proportionately 

 than in the case of any other agricultural 

 product in any part of the world. The ac- 

 tual working expenses of the exchange or- 

 ganization, including office expenses, sal- 

 aries, legal exipenses, the cost of the daily 

 telegraphic service and a share of the ex- 

 penses of the Citrus Protective League, 

 amounted to 4% centj per box, or 1 3-5 per 

 cent, of the gross sales. To this must be 

 added 1% cents per box spent by the ex- 

 change in advertising the products which it 

 sells, although this expense is to a large 

 extent an investment made to ensure the 

 sale of future crops. But even if this 

 whole amount be added to the working ex- 

 penses the selling costs per box amounted 

 to 5% cents, and the total selling costs to 

 2 1-5 per cent, of the gross, sales. 



These figures relate to trie working ex- 

 penses of the Central Exchange and the 

 seventy agencies maintained by it. They 

 do not include the expenses of the District 

 Exchanges, which act as intermediary or- 

 ganizations between the growers and the 

 Central Exchange. The average cost of 

 maintaining the District Exchanges amounts 

 to less than one cent per box. 



During the year 1913-14, the members of 

 the Exchange purchased through the Fruit 

 Growers' Supply Company — an association 

 which, though it has a separate organiza- 

 tion, is in effect a branch of the Exchange 

 — packing material, fertilizers, fungicides, 

 heaters, oil and sundry orchard supplies to 

 the amount of $3,319,000, an amount which 

 represents an increase of 50 per cent, upon 

 the business done in any previous year. 



The directors of the Excliange are faced 

 with the need of finding new markets for 

 their fruit, or Increasing the demand in 

 existing markets. By regulating the ship- 

 ments from California in such a way that 

 each market is supplied strictly according 

 to its needs, the Exchange ensures that 

 consumers in every part of the country 

 have a constant supply of fruit of good 

 quality at reasonable piices. This alone 

 increases the demand, and the per capita 

 consumption of oranges and lemons in the 

 United States has in fact increasied enor- 

 mously during the last ten years. But a 

 still greater Increase must take place If 



Douglas Gardens 



OAKVILLE, ONT. 



We have a surplus stock of some 

 sorts of Irises growing in our Gardens. 

 We offer this surplus, some 15,000 

 plants In 28 varieties at much reduced 

 prices for all orders received in the 

 month of August next — <August is the 

 best time for planting most Irises. 



The following are examples ol the 

 reduction In prices taken from the spe- 

 cial sale list which will be sent to all 

 names on our maiiing list and to others 

 on application, viz: — 



IMme. Chereau, each 10c, 10 for 75c, 

 100 $6.00. 



Purple King, each 15c, 10 for $1.25. 



Wyomlssing, each 50c, 10 for $4.50. 



This list embraces such flne«modeVn 

 Irises as Juniata, King of Iris, liohen- 

 grin, Mrs. G. iReuthe, Princess Vic- 

 toria Douise, Rhein Nixe, WaJIhalla, 

 etc. 



This sale applies to orders received 

 in the month of August only. Normal 

 prices will prevail after 31st August. 



iSend name and address for a copy 

 of this 'Iris list and the Paeony list for 

 1915. 



JOHN CAVERS 



^ Peerless 



Climax Fruit Baskets 



Heaviest, Strongest 

 and Best 



In the market. Especially- 

 suitable for long distance 

 shipping. 



Protect your requirements by 

 ordering EARLY 



Canada 

 Wood Products Co. 



St. Thomas, Ont. 



