September, 1915. 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



225 



Potato Growing in New Brunswick 



By J. B. Daggett, Secretary for Agriculture 



THE potato industry In New Brunswick 

 has assumed large proportions in the 

 last ten years, until the crop in 1914 

 amounted to approximately ten millions of 

 bushels. Very much has been learned dur- 

 ing these years as to the place in the rota- 

 tion, preparation and cultivation of the soil, 

 fertilizers and potato diseases. 



Previous to ten years ago, commercial 

 fertilizers were practically unknown in the 

 province, but in recent years they have 

 come into very general use, until at pres- 

 ent seventy-five per cent of the potatoes 

 raised are grown with commercial fertil- 

 izers with an increase in the crop of twenty- 

 five to thirty-five per cent, reported. The 

 potatoes so raised are not so susceptible to 

 scab as when raised upon ordinary barn- 

 yard manures or fish manures, such as are 

 used in some sections of the province. It 

 has been found that commercial fertilizers 

 cannot be continuously used successfully 

 without a proper rotation and by some 

 means adding vegetable matter to the soil. 

 Farmers who have attempted this have 

 found that their land would soon require 

 two thousand pounds instead of fifteen hund- 

 red pounds to the acre. 



The following rotation is being adopted 

 throughout the province: First year, po- 

 tatoes with commercial fertilizer; second 

 year, seed down with a grain crop, with a 

 much larger proportion of clover than was 

 formerly used; third year, hay; very many 

 are now taking off but one crop of hay and 

 then breaking up and ploughing under the 

 second growth of clover; the next year a 

 crop of corn or turnips is raised, the field 

 having been well fertilized with barn-yard 

 manure.?. This we consider a very satis- 

 factory rotation. The same system Is fol- 

 lowed by all our farmers, except that some 

 take off two or even three crops of hay be- 

 fore breaking up. From three to five years, 

 however, is the average length of rotation 

 among our best farmers. 



While there are a number of varieties of 

 potatoes being raised in New Brunswick, 

 the two favorites are Irish Cobbler for the 

 early crop and Green Mountain for the late. 



We have the usual potato diseases com- 

 mon to all countries, but we are learning 



that the vast majority of these may be suc- 

 cessfully combatted by the proper treat- 

 ment of seed, by careful selection of all seed 

 stock and the faithful use of the Bordeaux 

 mixture. I would like to emphasize the 

 word "faithful" as, in my observations, very 

 many of our farmers are not faithful in the 

 use of this excellent article. When the farm- 

 er persistently uses this mixture from the 

 time the plant is a few inches above the 

 ground until well toward the harvest, our 

 experience has been that we have very little 

 blight and the tubers are invariably much 

 better keepers in storage. 



The New Brunswick product Is in very 

 much better condition than it was several 

 years ago. There is a general agreement 

 that there has been a steady improvement 

 and that we are turning out a much better 

 quality of potatoes than in the past. From 

 a recent visit to the potato growing areas, 

 I am satisfied that the majority of our farm- 

 ers are giving close attention to the things 

 that are necessary for the production of the 

 very best crop. Large quantities are ship- 

 ped to the market directly from the field at 

 the time of harvesting, probably twenty- 

 five per cent., the balance being stored 

 either in cellars or in specially built frost- 

 proof potato houses, used exclusively for 

 the storing of potatoes. These buildings are 

 light and well ventilated and are so ar- 

 ranged that teams can drive into them and 

 the potatoes can be sorted and loaded in 

 the building. They are fitted with heating 

 apparatus that will heat the building during 

 excessive cold. These buildings are giving 

 splendid satisfaction. 



The Dominion Government has appropri- 

 ated $4,000, which will be used in an adver- 

 tising campaign in favor of peaches and 

 plums. The money will be used in twenty- 

 five daily newspapers and three hundred 

 weekly newspapers. There is a possibility 

 that the campaign may be extended. 



The Dominion Government has appointed 

 Mr. J. Forsyth Smith as a fruit market 

 commissioner in England. Mr. Smith has 

 been acting as provincial market commis- 

 sioner for British Columbia for some three 

 years. 



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References: The Cana- 

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