262 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Edltioa. 



Fruit Growing Developing in Quebec 



Fruit growing in the Province of Quebec 

 lias made considerable strides during the 

 past ten years. Owing to the fact that there 

 are districts where no fruit growing has 



THE 



BEEKEEPERS^ 

 DIRECTORY 



The following beekeepers will be able to 

 supply Bees and Queens in any quantity 

 for the season of 1916. Order early. 



E. E. MOTT, 



Glenwood, Mich. 

 Northern Bred Italian Queens. 



J. P. MOORE, 



IVIorgan, Ky. 

 Try Moore's Strain Next Tear. 



W. R. STIRLING, 



RIdgetown, Ont. 

 Fine Italian Queens. 



J. I. BANKS, 



Dowelltown, Tenn. 

 Italian "Queens of Quality." 



P. TEMPLE, 



438 Gladstone Ave., Toronto, Ont. 



Canadian Bred Italian Stock. 



THE DEROY TAYLOR CO., 



Newark, N.Y. 

 Northern Bred Italian Bees and Queens. 



M. C. BERRY & CO., 



Successors to Brown & Berry, 

 Haynevllle, Ala. 

 Best bred Italian Queens and Bees. 



THE PENN COMPANY, 



Penn, Miss. 

 Bees and Queens. 



P. W. JONES, 



Bedford, Que. 



Bees by the pound, also best Italian 



Queens. 



H. C. CLEMONS, 



Boyd, Ky. 

 Three band Italians bred for business. 



THE ROOT CANADIAN HOUSE, 



185 Wright Ave., Toronto, Ont. 

 Canadian and U.S.A. bred queens and 

 bees. Bees by the pound or colony. 



A. E. CRANDALL & SON, 



Berlin, Conn. 



"Quality" Italian Queens. 



JOHN A. McKINNON, 



St. Eugene, Ont. 

 Best northern bred stock. 



WM. ATCHLEY, 



of Mathls, Texas. 

 Wants to sell you your early bees by the 

 pound. Queens in season. 



STOVER APIARIES 



Not 



Mayhew, Miss, 

 a single complaint. 



b'?en attempted and where it Is desired to 

 e.sta'blish this industry and other districts 

 where the industry already exists but where 

 It must be improved from a purely commer- 

 cial point of view, the methods of instruc- 

 tion necessarily vary, in accordance with the 

 reqnirenifvnts. The following have been es- 

 tablished by the Department of Agricul- 

 ture. 



(1) Experimental Fields, in charge of 

 good farmers, in districts where the climate 

 is very severe and where several attempts 

 to establish an orchard have already failed. 

 These farmers are supplied with the hardi- 

 est varieties, over which a close watch 13 

 kept. There are now four of these experi- 

 mental fields. 



(2) Fruit Stations, the object of which U 

 to teach the farmers the proper methods 

 for the establishment, the cultivation and 

 the management of an orchard. These sta- 

 tions are in charge of farmers who desire to 

 groT,- fruit and who pledge themselves, by 

 contract with the departm«nt, for a period 

 of Ave years, at an annual rental of twenty- 

 five dollars, to give their whole attention, 

 free of charge, to the scientific management 

 of the orchard established on their land, 

 in order to collect the greatest possible 

 amount of useful data for the fruit growers 

 of their district. At the end of the five-year 

 period, the department keeps ten per cent, 

 of trees aiid shrubs originating from the 

 scions that have succeeded. It also reserves 

 the right to purchase the fruit of the said 

 orchards in whole or in part for experi- 

 mental purposes, exhibitions and packing 

 demonstrations at the market price. 



There are now thirty-eight of these sta- 

 tions, situated in different parts of the prov- 

 ince, and they cover a total area of eighty- 

 five acres. They are equipped with pruning 

 instruments, spraying machines and spray- 

 ing S'Olutions. There were sent to these sta- 

 tions, this year, 550 lbs. of lead arsenate, 

 185 gallons of lime-sulphur wash and 15 lbs. 

 of sulphate of nicotine (blackleaf 40), Some 

 of the stations are drained and all are pro- 

 tected from trespassers by special fences. 



(3) Demonstration Orchards, for teaching 

 scientific methods of cultivation and show- 

 ing the care with which the operations 

 should be performed in order to market 

 only first class fruit. These orchards are 

 supposed to serve as models for the fruit 

 growers of each locality. There are now 

 seven of them covering a total area of 33% 

 acres. 



The annual expenditure made by the de- 

 partment must not exceed tiie sum of $500, 

 Including the aimual rental of twenty-five 

 dollars an acre, cost of building fences, cost 

 of fertilizers, spraying solutions or chemi- 

 cals necessary for the making of the same, 

 leguminous seeds, 800 lbs, of chemical fer- 

 tilizers, ten tons of farmyard manure per 

 acre, and all necessary implements for the 

 culture and the management of the orchard. 



On the other hand, the owner is bound by 

 contract to do all the work in accordance 

 with a special program prepared by the de- 

 partment and which may be summarized as 

 follows: he must, at his own expense, spread 

 the manure, cultivate the soil, plow under 

 leguminous crop, prune the trees, spray at 

 least four times during the season, thin the 

 fruit, pick the fruit by hand and pack it— 

 the whole in accordance with the instruc- 

 tions of the superintendent of demonstra- 

 tion orchards. 



The owner is entitled to the whole crop 

 of fruit, but the department reserves :he 

 right to purchase this crop in whole or in 

 part at the market price. Two of these 



dcmonBiratlon orchards are now using grad- 

 ing machines; one of them has a cold stor- 

 age warehouse and all are equipped with 

 automatic pumps. 



The results so far obtained have been so 

 satisfactory that fruit growing has made 

 progress in the wliole province. Not only 

 are the farmers now establishing orchards 

 or renovating those that they have already, 

 but everywhere they are organizing new 

 horticultural societies or co-operative asso- 

 ciations in order to Improve, Increase and 

 market the produce. 



In all the horticultural exhibitions held 

 this year a marked improvement could be 

 noticed by comparison with the previous 

 years in the appearance, the grading and 

 the packing of the fruit. In order to facili- 

 tate the destruction of insect pests, the 

 Minister offered last year, to the agricul- 

 tural societies of the province, the advan- 

 tage of securing, at exceptionally favorable 

 terms, the spraying material they might 

 need. 



Grade Your Potatoes 



Money may often be made by the sorting 

 of potatoes. Consumers, large and small, 

 do not like mixed lots. They want them 

 uniform in size and quality. Consequently 

 potatoes should, if possible, be sorted before 

 being put on the market. The price which 

 is paid the potato grower is the price of 

 sorted potatoes, less the cost of sorting. 

 The potato-grower who ships unsorted pota- 

 toes really has to pay the charge of sorting. 



The shipper of unsorted potatoes has to 

 pay another charge also, and that is the 

 frelglit on the culls which are later taken 

 out of his shipment. The shipper of un- 

 sorted potatoes, therefore, is simply wasting 

 money. It pays to sort because it gives one 

 the top market prices and because it saves 

 freight on culls, and. It might be added, be- 

 cause the culls, in many cases, could be 

 kept on the farm and made use of in rations 

 tor live stock. 



Nova Scotia 



Only six cases of the dreaded San Jose 

 Scale in Nova Scotia orchards have been 

 located this year by the provincial inspec- 

 tois, according to Prof. W. H. Brittain, of 

 the College of Agriculture and Provincial 

 Entomologist It is a noticeable fact that 

 the six cases were found on stock imported 

 previous to the inauguration of the govern- 

 ment inspection over nursery Importations 

 in 1912. Not a single case of the San Jose 

 Scale has been found on stock imported 

 subsequent to that date. The comparative 

 figures are very striking. In 1912, there 

 were discovered 750 cases; in 1913, 64 cases; 

 in 1914, only four cases, and In 1915, so 

 far, only six cases, and all on stock im- 

 ported prior to 1912. 



Potato Inspection. 



Inspection of the Truro and Cornwallis 

 districts Garnet Chili potato fields was 

 made recently by Mr. E. J. Wortley, Direc- 

 tor of Agriculture for Bermuda, Prof. W. H. 

 Brittain, representing the Provincial Gov- 

 ernment, and Messrs. S. J. Moore, Dominion 

 Seed Inspector, and Paul A. Murphy, Do- 

 minion Plant Pathologist, representing the 

 Federal Government According to Mr. 

 Wortley, the inspection revealed the fact 

 that the Nova Scotia i»otato growers have 

 learned a lesson from past experiences, and 

 that by the use of rigidly selected seed and 

 regular spraying they can save their potato 

 crops from being condemned. 



