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THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Edition. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



rOMBINED WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



With which has been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company. Limited, 



PETERBORO, ONTARIO 



..,..,,,.,,,.,,.,.,, ,.,.,,. ,j, .,,.»..,,., .-,., .,,. 



EDITORIAL 



nrmmmamm 



H. BRONSON COWAN. Managing Director. 



The Only Magazines In Their Field In the 

 Dominion 

 Offlclal Organs of the Ontario and 

 Quebec Fruit Growers' Associations 

 and of the Ontario. Manitoba and 

 New Brunswicli Beekeepers' Associ- 

 ations. 



REPRESENTATIVES 

 UNITED STATES 

 STOCKWELL'S SPECIAL AGENCY. 

 Chicago Office — People's Gns Ttiillding. 

 New York Office — Tribune Building. 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Mountstephen, 16 Regent St., London, 8.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist Is published in 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month 

 preceding date of issue. The first edition Is 

 known as the fruit edition, and is devoted 

 chiefly to the commercial fruit Interests. The 

 second edition is Itnown as the floral edition, 

 and is devoted chiefly to the interests of ama- 

 teur flower, fruit and vegetable growers. 'The 

 third edition is known as The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist and Beekeeper. In this edition several 

 pages of matter appearing in the first and 

 second issues are replaced b.v an equal number 

 of pages of matter relating to the beekeeping 

 interests of Canada. 



2. Subscription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist In Canada and Great Britain, $1.00 a 

 year: three years for $2.00. and of The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist and Beekeeper. $1.00 a year. 

 For TTnited States and local subscriptions In 

 Peterboro fnot called for nt the Post Office), 

 25 cents extra a year, including postage. 



3. Remittances .should be made by Post Office 

 or Express Money Order, or Registered Letter. 



4. Change of Address — When a change of ad- 

 dress is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



B. Advertising rates, $1.40 an Inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager. Peterboro. Ont 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 The following is a sworn .statement of the net 

 paid circulation of The Canadian Hortinilturist 

 for the year ending with December 1914. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and 

 spoiled copies. Most months, including the 

 sample copies, from 11.000 to 13.000 copies of 

 The Canadian Horticulturist are mailed to peo- 

 ple known to be interested in the growing of 

 fniits. flowers or vegetables. 



January, 1914 ...11.570 August, 1914 12,675 



February. 1914 ..11.550 September. 1914 .13.72!) 



March, 1914 11,209 October, 1914 ...13,778 



April, 1914 11.970 November, 1914 .12.9fi7 



May, 1914 12,3fi8 December, 1914 .13.233 



June, 1914 12,fil8 — 



July, 1914 12,626 Total 150,293 



Average each Issue In 1907 6.627 



Average each Issue In 1914 12,524 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed upon 

 application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 

 We guarantee that every advertiser In this 

 Issue is reliable. We are able to do this because 

 the advertising columns of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and because to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this issue, that it is 

 reported to us within a week of its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 Is a condition of this contract that in writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I .saw your advertise- 

 ment in The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not apply their trade at the ex- 

 pense of our subscribers, who are our friends, 

 through the medium of these columns; but we 

 shall not attempt to adjust trifling disputes be- 

 tween subscribers and honorable business men 

 who advertise, nor pay the debts of honest 

 bankrupts. 



Communications should be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST, 



PETERBORO. ONT. 



The Canning Situation 



Fruit and vegetable growers are well 

 aware that the success of their respective 

 industries is closely bound up with that of 

 the canning factories, and that for a num- 

 ber of seasons in the past they have been 

 of great assistance in disposing of their 

 crops. During the past two seasons, how- 

 ever, the contrary has been the case, and 

 this has greatly contributed to the conges- 

 tion of the markets and consequent depres- 

 sion in prices. 



The canning industry had got into a very 

 unhealthy condition. Large stocks of unsold 

 goods accumulated in the hands of nearly 

 all the Canning companies, big and little, 

 and wholesale and retail merchants alike 

 were loaded up with caaned goods which 

 they found it very difficult to dispose of to 

 a public, whose buying capacity had greatly 

 diminished. Internal strife amongst the 

 canning companies themselves, in which 

 the big fish tried to swallow the smaller 

 ones and contracted severe indigestion in 

 the process, also contributed materially to 

 the difficulties of the situation. 



At the beginning of the present year, 1915, 

 the stagnation in the canning business was 

 such that the existence of the industry it- 

 self seemed threatened. To cope with this 

 condition, over three months ago a new 

 Holding Company, the Canadian Canners, 

 Limited, was formed for three years; uniting 

 the intereists of practically all the independ- 

 ents with those of tlie Dominion Canners 

 for the time being. The leading ideas in 

 the formation of that company were: to 

 carry over the stocks then on hand which 

 could not be disposed of, and to curtail the 

 output of 1915 by at least fifty per cent. 



This policy insured a lease of life for the 

 smaller independents for at least three 

 years, during which some of them, at all 

 events, might establish themselves upon a 

 sound footing. In addition to this, a short 

 time ago the Dominion Canners absorbed 

 the British Canadian Canners, the share- 

 holders of the latter receiving one share of 

 common stock of the Dominion Canners for 

 every ten shares held by them. The Domin- 

 ion Canners now own far the greater pro- 

 portion of stock in the Holdiag Company, 

 and have also advanced money to some nt 

 the Independents to enable them to take up 

 their proprtion of shares in the new com- 

 pany. 



iSince the new combination has been 

 formed there has been, a decided rise in the 

 market for canned goods. For example, the 

 price of tomatoes has advanced thirty cents, 

 and that of ipeas, beans, and com twenty 

 cents, ner case of a dozen cans. 



As the output this season has been re- 

 duced to a new m'nimum. and as the tomato 

 crop was far below normal, it would appear 

 as thoueh both the Dominion Canners and 

 the Independents should show reasonable 

 profits this year. 



Undoubtedly the formation of the Holding 

 Company has had the effect of giving stabii-. 

 ity to the market and has saved the smaller 

 canning comnanJes from immediate disaster. 

 Quite a number of these were on the verge 

 of bankruptcy, owing to beip.g forced to 

 realize on their stock of goods while the 

 market was demo'-ali/ed. This meant seli- 

 ine at less than the actual cost of canning. 



'In the long run. however the chief profits 

 are likely to go to the 'Dominion Canners. 



who originated, and were the chief movers 

 in carrying out the idea of the Holding 

 Company, and they now see a paying mar- 

 ket in sight for their heavy stocks of goods. 

 Under the foregoing circumstances, such 

 a combination apparently was justifiable to 

 prevent universal disaster, all the same it 

 is not without menace to the fruit and 

 vegetable growers in the future. At the end 

 of the three years, the Domiaion Canners 

 may occupy such a commanding position as 

 to be able either to swallow the independ- 

 ents altogether or to at least dictate their 

 policy. It seems, therefore, only common 

 sense that fruit and vegetable growers 

 should in the interval so organize their 

 forces as each to form a solid co-operative 

 body, with the heads of which the canners 

 will have to deal, when It comes to fixing 

 prices. 



The only fair aad proper way to have 

 fruit and vegetable contracts made Is for 

 the representative heads of the co-operative 

 bodies to meet the head of the canning in- 

 dustry early each year, and, after full consid 

 eration of pros and cons, fix the contract 

 prices for the coming season. Apparently 

 the only reasons why this has not been done 

 before are: (a) The competition of the fac- 

 tories with one another for the produce; (b) 

 The lack of proper organization on the part 

 of the growers. Now that the former— al- 

 ready weak— is likely to be abolished alto- 

 gether, the latter must be put on a strong 

 sound footing. 



Our live Fruit Commissioner, Mr. Dan. 

 Johnson says if you want good clean fruit, 

 you must "spray," 'spray," "spray." It is 

 also equally true that if you want fair 

 prices from the canners you must "co-oper- 

 ate," "co-operate." "co-operate." If the 

 Dominion Canners in the future completely 

 dominate the situation, and there are no or- 

 ganized bodies of growers to oppose them, 

 there is nothing in their history to indicate 

 that they would refrain from squeezing the 

 growers to the limit. 



Horticultuie in Western Canada 



The establishment of a horticultural op- 

 tion at the Manitoba Agricultural College 

 calls attention to the rapid development 

 that has taken place in horticulture in the 

 Prairie Provinces during the last few years 

 and to the prominent place which It now 

 occupies in the attention of the people of 

 Western Canada. 



The impression that the prairie farm 

 home is incapable of ornamentation by 

 natural planting has now less grounds than 

 formerly. It is now well known that the 

 condition which exists on the malority of 

 prairie farms is unnecessary. Here and 

 there will be found men who have proven 

 that there are abundant opportunities for 

 the development of true home-1'ke surround- 

 ings. Both deciduous and evergreen trees 

 flourlfih when properly planted and cared 

 for. Flowering shrubs and hedges are 

 grown with little more difficulty than in 

 the Eastern Provinces, and both annual and 

 perennial flowers, when properly cared for, 

 flourish in the richest profusion- 



Nor need the prairie farmer's table be 

 entirely lacking in contributions from his 

 orchard and garden. The ordinary garden 

 veeetables grow and mature as well in the 

 West as in any other part of the Dominion. 

 Small fruits, it has been found arf per- 

 fef'tly hardy and mature their fruit without 

 difficulty. One well-known h'^'-ticn'turist, 

 with a wide experience in Manitoba, Is 

 authority for the statement that he has had 

 more good crops of strawberries in the last 

 twenty-five years than there have been good 



