STAKAYA AIJTEL KOi iKERY. 297 



A bull was seen to strike au escaping <j,o\y in the nioutli; she, lir)\ve\ef, got away 

 from him ami ran down into the water. In two cases cows coming in from the water 

 were seen to break away, after being held for a few moments by water bnlls, and climli 

 np the rocks to harems above, where they evidently belonged. They were piubably 

 cows whicli were returning from feeding. 



Many seals here, as on Xortb rookerj', were seen sporting in tlie w;itei'. the light- 

 colored bottom making their movements very distinct. 



The hauling ground of this rookery now occupies a space of about two acres. The 

 seal grass area behind would point to an area of fully I'O acres as once hauled over by 

 the bachelors. A herd of 300 or iOO bachelors were lying on the hauling ground. 

 Pups seem less numerous here than at North rookery. 



Forty to 50 large sea lions lay sleejting on the rocks Just out of the water. The 

 seals lie about them and pass to and fro, apparently unnoticed by them and not 

 noticing them. The sea lions look like great logs. When disturbed they roll into the 

 water in a lumbering fashion, but soon haul out again. They are doubtless bachelors 

 from the sea-liou rookery farther to the southeast on Tolstoi Point. 



STABAYA ARTEL ROOKEEY. 



Staraya Artel rookery lies to the west of North rookery and about 2.^ miles distant 

 from the village. It occupies a limited shore line, rising into a rather steep slope by a 

 succession of rocky shelves. The hillside breaks off into a perpendicular clitf on the 

 western side and drops in a gradual slope down to a basin-like depression containing 

 a small pond. On the rocky shelves of the beach the harems are well defined, but on 

 the smooth slope above the seals are massed and the harems merge Into one another 

 without definite boundaries. 



This rookery is a very difficult one to count. The very large number of idle bulls 

 which occupy the sloite behind make it impossible to closely approach the harems. In 

 order to make any count at all it was necessary for one person to keep off the bulls 

 while the other did the work. Then many of the harems on the shelves could not be 

 seen at all. while at a distance the massed portion of theslojie could not be -separated 

 into harems. A combination of the partial counts made by Dr. Jordan and Mr. Clark 

 gave a total of .">9 harems and 910 cows for this rookery. 



The number of idle bulls on Staraya Artel rookery was unusually large and they 

 were very tierce. Forty-five were counted. They were spread out over a considerable 

 area of ground and were constantly fighting among themselves. ^Most of the fighting 

 witnessed amounted to nothing more than a bluft'. Two bulls would run at one 

 another, lunge forward nearly touching each other, and then return to their stations. 

 The number of scarred and bleeding aninmls, however, showed evidence of a great 

 deal of actual fighting. The wounds for the most part were upon the seal]), the breast, 

 or at the angle of the fore flipper with the body, this latter seeming to be a favorite 

 l)Iace of attack. 



One of the idle bulls, crowded too near the harems by our approach, made a break 

 for the sea through the rookery. He was immediately attacked by the harem masters, 

 escaping from the clutches of one only to be seized by another below. Sometimes two 

 had him at once. He was passed along through the whole line of harems until finally 

 he was thrown over the chflf into the sea at the foot of the slope. Great confusion 

 was created in the harems by the fighting, but no general stampede occurred. Each 

 bull soon had his cows rounded up and forced into quiet. 



