THE VIK(;IN COWS. 353 



DEAD PUPS. 



There is a dead pup on the rocks high up out of tlie way. in a position where it 

 could not very well have been crushed. It has i)robahly been injured and crawled up 

 there to die. It is impossible to get near to exaniiiu^ it on account of the bulls.' 

 Near by is another dead pup in much the same coudition. 



On Zoltoi cliffs are trails on which the bachelors come up and i;(i down. There 

 are others on the steep western slope of Gorbatch. It would be liard lor a man to 

 climb them. In getting down they sometimes droj) in places (i feet or more on jagged 

 rocks. In uo case do they seem to be hurt by such a jump. 



VIRGIN cows. 



There arc many little harems apparently of virgins, with an occasional adult cow 

 and pup, along the edge of the hauling ground on Ileef rookery. These are in charge 

 of 5 or 6 year old bulls. Two of these harems, each with a small eow, are in a position 

 to be easily got at, and tomorrow an efl'ort will be made to determine whether or not 

 these are virgin cows. The bachelors seem to worry them, but the sex is uncertain 

 yet. A harem containing several supi)Osed virgins has some old cows in it twice as 

 big as the little ones. A harem consisting of 1 cow is in the hauling ground, and the 

 cow goes off, leaving the pup. 



A bull is holding a little brown cow by main force and roughness. She bites him 

 on the neck, and he has a great time holding her. She must be a virgin. The bull 

 smells of her genitals. She is very small, not over 40 pounds in weight. She has a 

 large head and eyes like a i>up. She tries to run away, but comes back at every 

 motion of the bull. The bull seizes her and holds her down by nuiin force, watching 

 her every movement, regardless of the observers 10 feet away. The cow hangs tightly 

 to his neck. She runs toward us once, as if without fear. Perhaps all this is love 

 making, but if so it is terribly harsh. Both bull and cow are getting tired. He fans 

 himself with his hind flippers, voiding excrement. The little cow is probably coming 

 in heat. Her nipples are very small. She has never had a pup, although in color she 

 is like the old cows. 



STARAYA ARTEL. 



Mr. Lucas visited Staraya Artel rookery, making the following notes : This 

 rookery has spread out and thinned since our visit on duly 0. The idle bulls have 

 disappeared from the upper part, but there are many about the lower jjortion. Twenty 

 old bulls were counted in one bunch. Many of the younger bulls seem to have secured 

 cows, and the iiitius of these young animals is very percejitible. As nearly as can be 

 counted there are now 75 harems. This is a larger number ot harems than were 

 found at the former count. 



NORTH ROOKERY. 



At North rookery, where the harem of 135 cows was, there are now 9 harems, 2 of 

 them back on the hill very far from the former solitary harem. Here, as on Staraya 



'This pup W.18 secured later with a lisli hook dm a liauihoo pole. 



