57() THE FUR SEALS OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 



pressure or get out of the way. They are wholly unlike starved pups, for before a 

 pup can become emaciated those worms will cause it to die from lack of blood. 



The [ilaces that fa\ or massing of cows and fighting of bulls also promote the 

 propagation of the worms. Oi\ rocky rookeries, where pups are not massed and no sand 

 is present for worm eggs to collect in, uo sickly pups and few trampled ones are to be 

 found. Many sickly pups are to be seen on Zapadui ; none are on Little Zapadni, few 

 are on Kitovi, and almost none on Zapadni Keef. 



The early dead pups from which the hair is now worn off are probably all tramjjled. 

 The victims of Uncinaria die from July ]."> to August 1.5. By the latter date pups 

 att'ected by the worm recover or succumb. Ouly two dead pups not starved were found 

 after August 14: last season. 



MK. LUCAS'S NOTES. 



Three of the bulls killed at Little Zapadui to-day were examined carefully for 

 parasites. Nematodes were found iu one stomach. No tapeworms were ])reseut or 

 trematoiles in the liver. All viscera were in a healthy condition. 



JULY 31. 



' LIVE PUPS ON POLOVINA. 



In company with Mr. Macoun I made a count of live pups on the cliii' portion of 

 Polovina rookery. The total number was found to be li,14!t. A number of dead pups 

 were noted, but no concurrent count could be made. It is doubtful whether a full count 

 of the dead pups is worth while this season. My impression is that the dead are about 

 as numerous as last season on this rookery, and it will probably be sufticiently accurate 

 to estimate the number as tiie same. This would give to this breediug ground a total of 

 2,200 pups born this season. 



One case of copulation was witnessed. The bulls give much more readily than on 

 Zapadni Reef Many young bulls were occupying places ou the breeding ground, 

 showing that some at least of the old harem masters have left. 



Some gulls were shot on the reef of Polovina Point for the purpose of determining 

 whether they were infested with Vnvinaiia. The sou7id of the shotgun startled the 

 seals for a moment. Some of the bachelors were frightened and took to the watei-. 

 The cows and bulls did not take fright. In the water the seals swam about the reef 

 in their curious fashion while tlie shooting was going on. The effect of the tiring was 

 the same on the seals as it would have been ou a herd of sheep, pigs, or cattle under 

 similar conditions. They roused up, were restless for a few minutes, and then settled 

 down again. 



The gulls were found not to contain Uncinaria. It was thought that they might 

 get the worm from feeding on the intestines of the dead pups. 



A number of dissections of dead pujis was made by Mr. Lucas, assisted by Mr. 

 Snodgrass. Dr. .lordan and Dr. \\'ood examined Little Polovina. Uncinaria were 

 found iu the dead pups on Polovina. 



Mr. Adams counted the Amphitheater, finding 375 cows present. He witnes.sed the 

 birth of a pup on Lukaniu rookery. The cow, an old one, had landed ou the 27th. 



AUGUST 1. 



I visited Lukanin rookery this afternoon in company with Dr. Jordan. Wc 

 entered the rookery and Ibund a good many dend jiujis under the cliti's. \'ery few of 



