132 



PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS 



[CH. 



(3) Leaving the sole intact since it cannot be too thick. 



(4) Leaving the bars intact since they are part of the wall 

 and are intended to bear weight. (The shoe should rest on 

 them.) 



(5) Leaving the foot-pad intact. (This should be level with. 

 the ground surface of the shoe.) 



(6) The pattern of the shoe is immaterial, so long as it has 

 a true and level bearing and rests firmly upon the wall and bars. 



(7) The shoe should be secured with as few nails as possible, 

 so as to avoid any unnecessary destruction of the horn. More- 

 over the nails should not be driven in high up as this is disastrous 

 to the feet. 



Chestnuts and Ergots. The chestnuts (wrist and hock cal- 

 losities) are homy excrescences on the inside of the horse's fore- 

 arms and hocks. The wrist callosities are the biggest, but in 

 horses belonging to the heavy breeds the hind chestnuts are also 



/ 



/■\ 





FiK- 59. Cliestmit (liock 

 callosity) on right hind 

 leg of pony of cart-horse 

 type (from Ridgeway). 



Fig. 60. Chestnut in right fore 

 leg of Prejvalsky horse (from 

 Kidgeway). 



