Marine Fauna and Fishes of St. Andrews. 143 



The classification of Dr. Bowerbank in his valuable work pub- 

 lished bj the Kay Society has been that followed in the list. 



Suborder I, Calcaeea. 



Grantia compressa^ Fabr. ; Bowerb. Brit. Spong. ii. p. 17. 



Abundant on Cynthia grossularia under shelving rocks be- 

 tween tide-marksj and attached to the roots of Fuci and other 

 seaweeds. It occasionally assumes an abnormal form, and 

 has a broad attached surface under stones. Longest, 3 inches. 



Grantia ciliata, Fabr. ; Bowerb. vol. ii. p. 19. 



Not unfrequent on laminarian roots cast on the west sands 

 after storms, and growing near low-water mark at the East 

 Rocks. The species somewhat resembles a grain of oat re- 

 moved from its husk. 



Leucosolenia hotryoidesj Ellis & Sol. ; Bowerb. vol. ii. p. 28. 



Abundant on the under surfaces of stones in tidal pools, 

 especially if large and little-disturbed. It frequently accom- 

 panies Grantia convpressa. 



Leuconia nivea^ Grant ; Bowerb. vol. ii. p. 36. 



Found abundantly in the deeper tidal pools, under large 

 stones which have been long untouched. It covers spaces 

 several inches square ; and its margin is generally rounded and 

 " finished " like the border of a lichen. Most of the speci- 

 mens have their surfaces elevated into firm ruga, resembling 

 miniature mountain-ranges, some of the crests rising into 

 flattened lobes | inch in height. There are at least two 

 varieties of this sponge — the first of which, besides the equi- 

 angular triradiate spicula of the skeleton, the minute acerate 

 ones of the interstitial and dermal membranes, and the uni- 

 curvo-cruciform, has many spined acuate spicula of consider- 

 able dimensions and others of the same size approaching the 

 fusiform i-spinulate character. In the other variety the latter 

 kinds are so little developed, if present, as not to be dis- 

 tinguished from the ordinary minute acerate forms. In both, 

 almost all the latter are distinctly spined. 



Suborder II. Silicea. 



Hymeniacidon ficus^ Esper ; Bowerb. vol. ii. p. 206. 

 Occasionally from deep water, attached to dead shells. Cla- 

 vate specimens frequently grow from the smaller end of Den- 

 talium entalis. This species seems to frequent muddy ground, 



11* 



