204 Dr. W. C. M'Intnsh on the Zoophytes of St. Andreios. 



XXX. — On the Invertebrate Marine Fauna and Fi'fthes of St. 

 Andrews. By AY. C. M'Intosh. 



[Continued from p. 14o.J 



Subkingdom CCELENTERATA. 



Class HYDROZOA. 



The Hydroid Zoophytes of St. Andrews are chiefly pro- 

 cured from the deep water of the bay, though a few ap])ear 

 between tide-marks. Many are found in great profusion. 

 Contrasted with the soutlrern shores, as at Devon and Corn- 

 wall *, the majority of the Hydroids are equally common in 

 both localities ; some occur more frequently in the one than 

 in the other, while a third series is more characteristic of 

 each area. Thus Sertidarella rugosa, Sertularia cujyressina, 

 Thuiaria thuja, and Halecium muricatiim appear to be more 

 abundant at St. Andrews than in the south ; on the other 

 hand, Sertularia argentea and Ohelia dichotoma are probably 

 more plentiful in the latter, together with the appearance of 

 Tubularia at the extreme margin of low water. The cha- 

 racteristic forms in the south are Corymorpha nutans, Aglao- 

 phenia phana, A. pennatula, Ophiodes rnirahilis, Diphasia 

 pinnata, and an abundance of the species of Phunularia. At 

 St. Andrews Sertularia filicula, S.fusca, Tuhularia coronata, 

 Cuspidella humilis, and Halecium lahrosum afford distiir- 

 guishing features. MoreoA'er, instead of the tufted Clava 

 squamata, so common on the littoral Fuci of the western coast, 

 we have C. multicomis at St. Andrews on the under surface 

 of stones ; the splendid Corymorpha nutans of the sandy voes, 

 and the rich tufts of littoral Corynidos and Gonothyrmce of the 

 Zetlandic region, are likewise wholly absent. Amongst the 

 Hydromedusse, Sarsia prolifera, Forbes, occurs occasionally, 

 and Thaumantia^ pihsella, Forbes, in great abundance on the 

 surface of the bay in autumn. 



The habit of the zoophytes affords many interesting facts, 

 especially in regard to the profusion of parasitic structures. 

 The roots of the pol}'p)aries spring from diverse shells, stones, 

 crabs, submerged sticks and branches. One of the most 

 curious examples found by the fishermen in the bay consisted 

 of a stout branch of a thorn-tree, about fom- feet in height, 

 which had large specimens of Balanus Hameri and Ascidians 

 clustered like living fruit on the main trunk and branches, 



* J. & E. Q. Couch, in their ' Cornish Fauna ; ' the elaborate catalogue 

 of the Rev. T. Hincks in the 'Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.' 1861-62; and 

 Mr. Parhtt s Devonshire Catalogue published in 1866. 



